plantA1A plant is a living thing that grows in soil or in water. It often has green leaves.식물
refineB2to remove unwanted substances; to improve something gradually정제하다, 개선하다
regulateB2to control something using rules규제하다, 조절하다
tremendousB2extremely large or great굉장한, 무시무시한
versatileB2able to do many things well다재다능한, 다용도의
biofuelC1fuel made from plant or animal material바이오 연료, 생물 연료
charcoalB2a black substance made by burning wood slowly목탄, 숯
energizeB2to give energy or enthusiasm to something활기를 북돋우다
fundamentalB2forming a foundation, basic기본적인, 근본적인
mineralB1a natural substance in the earth such as rock or metal광물, 무기질
oreB2rock from which metal can be obtained광석, 원광
stockpileC1to store a large supply for future use비축하다
intermediateB1at a level between two others중간의
welfareB2the health and happiness of a person or group복지, 행복
absorbB2to soak up or take in; to keep the attention of흡수하다, 열중시키다
contractionC1the process of becoming smaller or tighter수축, 축소
durationB2the length of time that something continues or lasts지속 기간, 지속
engulfC1to swallow up, overwhelm, consume집어삼키다
enhanceB2to raise to a higher degree; to increase the value or desirability of높이다, 향상시키다
flexibleB1able to bend without breaking; able to change or to take in new ideas유연한, 융통성 있는
ingestC1to take food or drink into the body삼키다, 먹다
inhaleB2to breathe air into the lungs숨을 들이쉬다
intakeB2the amount of something taken into the body섭취, 섭취량
likewiseB2in the same way마찬가지로, 게다가
lingerC1to stay longer than expected, be slow in leaving; to go slowly or take one's time오래 머물다, 계속되다
modestB2not thinking too highly of oneself, not boastful; proper in speech, dress, or behavior; not extreme or large겸손한, 알맞은
neverthelessB2in spite of what has just been said그렇기는 하지만, 그럼에도 불구하고
optimalC1best or most favorable최상의, 최적의
regenerateC1to grow again or make something develop again재건하다, 재생시키다
respirationB2the process of breathing호흡, 한번 숨쉼
secreteC1to produce and release a substance from the body분비하다; 감추다
stimulateB2to encourage something to develop or become active자극하다, 격려하다
stimulusC1something that causes a reaction or encourages activity자극
visibleB1able to be seen눈에 보이는, 명백한
appendixB2extra material added at the end of a book; a small organ in the body맹장, 부록
geneB1a unit in a cell that controls inherited characteristics유전자, 유전 인자
metabolismB2the chemical processes that keep a living thing alive물질대사, 신진대사
nerveB1a fiber that carries messages between the brain and the body신경, 긴장, 불안
physiologyC1the study of how living bodies function생리학, 생리 기능
skeletalC1relating to the bones of the body골격의, 뼈대의
tissueB1a group of similar cells forming part of a living thing조직, 화장지
urineB1liquid waste passed from the body소변, 오줌
propulsionC1the force that pushes something forward추진, 추진력
perspectiveB2a point of view or general standpoint from which different things are viewed, physically or mentally; the appearance to the eye of various objects at a given time, place, or distance관점
abnormalB2not usual, not typical, strange비정상적인, 이상한
acuteB2with a sharp point; keen and alert; sharp and severe; rising quickly to a high point and lasting for a short time극심한
adverseB2unfavorable, negative; working against, hostile부정적인, 불리한
deteriorateC1to lower in quality or value; to wear away악화시키다, 손상시키다
ensureB1to make sure, safe, or certain; to guarantee보장하다, 확실하게 하다
excludeB2to keep someone or something out제외하다, 배제하다
formulateC1to express definitely or systematically; to devise, invent; to state as a formula고안하다, 명확히 말하다
fractureB2a break or crack, especially in a bone골절, 부수다
hereditaryC1passed from parent to child through the genes유전적인
implantB2to place something into the body or into a surface심다, 이식하다, 주입하다
induceC1to cause, bring about; to persuade유도하다, 설득하다
lethalB2able to cause death치명적인, 치사의
maximizeB2to increase something as much as possible극대화하다
minimizeB2to make as small as possible, make the least of; to make smaller than before최소화하다, 축소하다
plagueB2to annoy or bother괴롭히다, 전염병
severeB1of a serious nature; very strict and harsh; causing pain or hardship심한, 엄한
allergyB1a medical condition in which the body reacts badly to a substance알레르기, 반감
arthritisB2a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints관절염
dehydrationB2a harmful loss of water from the body탈수, 건조
diabetesB1a disease in which the body cannot control blood sugar당뇨병
measlesB1an infectious disease causing fever and red spots홍역
sedentaryC1characterized by or calling for continued sitting; remaining in one place주로 앉아 있는
syndromeB2a group of symptoms or signs that collectively characterizes or indicates a disease, disorder, abnormality, etc.증후군, 일련의 증상
tumorB2an abnormal mass of tissue in the body종양, 종기
rateB1to judge the quality or level of something평가하다
predominateC1to be the largest or most noticeable part우세하다, 지배하다
calculateB1to find out by adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing; to figure out by reason or logic계산하다, 추산하다
computeB2to calculate an amount계산하다, 추산하다
credibleB2believable믿을 수 있는
deemC1to think, believe; to consider, have an opinion~라고 여기다
digitB1any of the numbers from 0 to 9(0에서 9까지의) 숫자
dualB2having two parts or purposes둘의, 이중의, 양자의
multipleB1many; more than one다수의, 다양한
multiplyB1to increase greatly in number곱하다, 증가시키다
outweighB2to be greater or more important than something else~보다 더 크다, 능가하다
perB1for each~당, ~마다
preciseB2exact and accurate정확한, 정밀한
quantityB1an amount of something양, 수량, 분량
subtractA2to take one number away from another빼다, 공제하다
suggestB1to put forward an idea; to indicate indirectly제안하다, 암시하다
sumB1the total produced by adding numbers총합, 합계
universalB2being everywhere; of, for, or shared by all보편적인, 우주의
arithmeticB1the branch of math dealing with basic calculation산수, 연산
cumulativeC1increasing steadily as more is added누적되는, 점증적인
equivalentB2equal in value, amount, or meaning동등한, 상당하는
formulaB1a rule or method expressed in symbols공식, 방식
maximumB1the greatest possible amount or degree최대(의), 최고(의)
minimumB1the lowest permissible or possible최소한도, 최소한의
myriadC1in very great numbers무수함, 무수히 많음
unresolvedB2not yet settled or decided해결되지 않은, 미해결의
combustionC1the process of burning연소, 발화
compoundB2a substance made of two or more parts; to make worse화합물, 합성의, 혼합하다
dampenC1to make slightly wet; to reduce the strength of a feeling축축하게 하다; (열의를) 꺾다
diluteB2to make a liquid weaker by adding water묽게 하다, 약화시키다
filterB1to pass something through a device that removes unwanted parts거르다, 여과하다
fluidB2a liquid; able to flow and change easily유동적인, 액체
fuseB2to join two things into one, often by melting도화선, 융합하다
graphicB1lifelike, vivid; relating to the pictorial arts생생한, 사실적인; 도표의
impurityC1a substance that makes something less pure불순물, 불결
materialA2the substance from which something is made재료, 물질
matterB1to be important; a subject or substance중요하다, 문제
occasionalB1happening from time to time but not regularly가끔의, 때때로의
saturateC1to soak thoroughly, fill to capacity흠뻑 적시다; 포화시키다
synthesisC1the combining of separate parts into a whole종합, 합성
acidB1a chemical substance with a sour taste that can dissolve metals산, 산성의
atomB1the smallest unit of a chemical element원자, 극소량
carbonB1a chemical element found in all living things탄소
chemistryA2the science of substances and how they react화학, 교감
moleculeB1the smallest unit of a substance, made of joined atoms분자, 미분자
nucleusB2the central part of an atom or a cell핵, 중심
vaporB2a gas formed when a liquid evaporates증기, 증발하다
classifyB2to group or label in an organized way분류하다
accessibleB2easy to reach, enter, or obtain접근 가능한
altitudeB2the height of something above sea level고도, 높이
bound forB2traveling toward a particular place~행의, ~를 향한
coastalB1relating to the area near the sea해안의, 연안의
compriseC1to include or contain포함하다, 구성하다
distantB1far away; not friendly거리가 먼
encounterB2to meet or come upon마주치다
evidentB2obvious or noticeable분명한, 명백한
isolateB2to separate something from other things고립시키다, 격리시키다
narrowA2small in width; to become less wide폭이 좁은, 좁아지다
obstacleB2something that gets in the way장애(물), 방해(물)
plainB1simple and without decoration; a large flat area of land명백한, 평범한, 평지
remarkableB2unusual in a way that deserves attention현저한, 두드러진
remnantC1a small part remaining behind나머지, 잔존물
surroundB1Surround means to be on all sides of something or someone.둘러싸다, 에워싸다
terrainB2the landscape, especially its physical features or fitness for some use; a field of knowledge지형, 지역
uncertainlyB2in a way that shows doubt불확실하게
varyB2to do in a new way; to make different; to change다르다, 다양하다, 바꾸다
vastB2very great or very large막대한, 방대한
arcticB1relating to the region around the North Pole북극, 북극의
basinB2a bowl-shaped area of land; a large container for water웅덩이, 분지
cliffB1a high steep face of rock절벽, 낭떠러지
continentA2one of the earth's main continuous areas of land대륙, 육지
geographyA2the study of the earth's surface and its features지리
glacierB1a slow-moving mass of ice빙하
polarB1relating to the North or South Pole극지방의
topographyC1the physical shape and features of an area of land지형, 지형학
astronautA2a person trained to travel in a spacecraft우주비행사
collideB2to strike against each other with force; to clash충돌하다, 부딪히다
continualB2happening repeatedly over a long period빈번한, 반복되는
craterB2a large bowl-shaped hole in the ground분화구, 큰 구멍
eclipseB2an occasion when one object in space blocks the light of another일식, 월식
gravityB1the force that pulls objects toward the earth중력, 인력
illuminateB2to light something up; to make something clear밝게 비추다, 설명하다
luminousC1emitting or reflecting light, glowing; illuminating빛나는, 반짝이는
orbitB1the curved path of an object around a star or planet궤도, 궤도를 그리며 돌다
phenomenonB2something that can be taken in by the senses or mind; something or someone that is very unusual현상, 사건
probableB2likely to happen or be true개연성이 높은, 유망한
questB2a search, hunt탐색, 탐구
revolutionB2a complete circular movement; a major change혁명, 회전
speculateC1to form an opinion without having complete evidence추측하다, 투기하다
stellarC1relating to stars; extremely good뛰어난, 별의
terrestrialC1relating to the earth or to land지구의, 육지의
universeB1all of space and everything in it우주, 전 세계
vanishB2to disappear suddenly사라지다, 없어지다
asteroidB2a small rocky body orbiting the sun소행성
astronomyB1the scientific study of stars and planets천문학
cometB1an icy body in space with a long bright tail혜성, 살별
crescentB2a curved shape like the moon in its first quarter초승달, 초승달 모양의
geocentricC2having the earth as the center지구 중심적인, 천동설의
mercuryB1a silver liquid metal; the planet closest to the sun수은, 수성
planetA2a large body in space that orbits a star행성, 지구
solarB1relating to the sun태양의
prevalentC1common in a particular place or time일반적인, 널리퍼진
ancestorB1a family member who lived at an earlier time조상, 선조
aristocratC1a member of the highest social class귀족, 귀족적인 사람
chronicleC1a written record of events in the order they happened기록, 연대기, 기록하다
civilizationB1a developed society with its own culture and institutions문명, 개화
colonyB2a territory controlled by another country; a group living together식민지, 집단, 부락
dwellC1to live, especially in a particular place; to remain, stay; to keep one's attention on something살다, 거주하다
excavateC1to dig in the ground to uncover buried objects파다, 발굴하다
exterminateC1to destroy completely근절하다, 박멸하다
genuineB2real, actually being what something appears to be; true or reliable; sincere or honest진짜의, 진품의
imperialB2relating to an empire or emperor제국의, 황제의
independentB1not controlled by other people or things독립적인, 독자적인
lineageC1the line of ancestors a person descends from혈통, 계통
milestoneB2an important event marking a stage of progress이정표, 획기적인 사건
monumentB1A monument is a structure that honors a special person, event, or idea.기념비, 기념물
pioneerB2a person or group that goes first to explore, open, prepare, or settle an area; someone who breaks new ground, as in science or ideas개척자, 선구자
recallB2to bring back to mind; to remind one; to ask to return상기하다
rely onB1to trust or depend on someone or something~에 의존하다
sophisticatedB2highly developed and complex세련된, 정교한
succeedB1to achieve what you wanted; to take over a position성공하다, 뒤를 잇다
traditionallyB1according to long-established custom통상적으로, 관습적으로
tragicB2having to do with a serious story with a sad ending; very unfortunate비극의, 비참한
archaeologyB2the study of the past through physical remains고고학, 고대 연구
artifactB2an object made by a human, especially from the past인공물, 공예품
dynastyB2a powerful family or group of rulers that maintains its position or power for some time왕조, 시대
empireB1a group of countries ruled by one authority제국, 왕국
feudalC1relating to the medieval system of land held in exchange for service봉건적인, 봉건제도의
mediaevalB2relating to the Middle Ages중세의, 중세 풍의
slaveB1a person legally owned by another and forced to work노예, 노예처럼 일하다
throneB2the ceremonial seat of a monarch; royal power왕위, 왕좌
affectB1to have an influence on something영향을 미치다
baffledC1completely unable to understand something당황한, 당혹스러운
bondB2a close connection between people or things유대, 결속, 채권, 접착제, 유대를 맺다
decisiveB2settling an issue; able to make decisions quickly결정적인, 결단력 있는
denialB2a statement that something is not true; a refusal부인, 부정
equilibriumC1a state of balance between opposing forces평형상태, 균형
fascinateB2to attract and hold someone's interest strongly매혹하다, 마음을 빼앗다
griefB2deep sadness, especially after a death슬픔, 비탄
impulseB2a sudden wish or urge to do something충동, 자극
intrigueC1crafty dealings, underhanded plotting음모를 꾸미다, 흥미를 끌다
penetrateB2to enter or force a way through or into; to see into침투하다, 꿰뚫다
questionA1to express doubt about something; a request for information질문, 문제, 질문하다
responseB1a reply or answer; a reaction to something응답, 반응
rivalB2a person or group competing with another경쟁자, 경쟁하다
startleB2To startle means to surprise.깜짝 놀라게 하다, 소스라치다
tormentC1to cause severe suffering고통, 통증; 고통을 주다, 괴롭히다
unintendedB2not planned or meant의도하지 않은, 고의가 아닌
dilemmaB2a difficult or perplexing situation or problem진퇴양난, 딜레마, 궁지
inclinationC1a natural tendency to act or feel a certain way경향, 성향, 기울기, 경사
in retrospectC1looking back on a past event되돌아보면, 회상하면
obedienceB2the practice of doing what you are told복종, 순종
outletB2a way of expressing feelings; an opening for release배출구, 출구
prejudiceB2an unfair opinion formed without knowledge편견, 선입관, 편견을 갖게 하다
sentimentC1a feeling or opinion about something감정, 정서
stereotypeB2a fixed and oversimplified image of a group고정관념, 정형화하다
objectiveB2an aim; based on facts rather than feelings목적, 목표, 편견없는
absoluteB2without flaws or imperfections; without limits; without doubt절대적인, 완전한
anthemB2a song of praise, especially for a nation축가, 성가
argumentB1a disagreement; a reason given to support a view주장, 논쟁
divineB2relating to a god; sacred신의, 신성한
doctrineC1a belief, principle, or teaching; a system of such beliefs or principles; a formulation of such beliefs or principles정설, 원칙
embodyC1to give form to; to incorporate, include; to personify구체화하다, 구현하다
faithfulB2loyal and reliable; accurate to the original충실한, 성실한
glimpse intoC1a brief look that gives partial understanding~을 흘끗 봄
humbleB2low in rank or position; plain, not proud or grand겸손한, 비천한
inferC1to reach a conclusion from evidence rather than direct statement추론하다, 추측하다
mercifulB2showing kindness toward someone you have power over인정 많은, 자비로운
nobleB2of high birth or rank; outstanding; of good moral character귀족의, 고결한
notionB2an idea or belief about something개념, 관념
persecuteC1to treat unjustly or cause to suffer박해하다, 괴롭히다
reasonA2a cause or explanation; the ability to think logically이유, 이성, 추론하다
ritualB2a set of actions performed regularly in a fixed order의식, 절차, 전례
sacredB2connected with religion and treated with great respect신성한, 성스러운
scriptureC1the sacred writings of a religion성서, 경전
secularC1not connected with religion비종교적인, 세속적인
shrineB2a place considered holy because of its associations성당, 사당
buddhistB1a follower of the religion founded by Buddha불교도, 불교의
missionaryB2a person on an assignment, often of a religious nature; someone sent by a church to a foreign land to teach religion and do charity work선교사, 전도사
monasteryB2a building where monks live and work수도원
monkB1a man who lives apart from society under religious vows수도사, 수도승
philosophyB1the study of the nature of knowledge and existence철학; 인생관
pilgrimB2a person who travels to a holy place순례자, 성지 참배자
protestantB2a member of a Christian church separate from Roman Catholicism개신교, 신교도
uniformA2the same throughout; special clothing worn by a group일정한, 한결같은
harnessC1to control and make use of a natural force(자연의 힘 등을) 이용하다
advocateC1to speak or be in favor of something지지하다, 지지자
attorneyB2a lawyer who acts for another person변호사, 대리인
coarseB2low, common, or of poor quality; made of comparatively large parts; rough to the touch; using bad manners or rude language조잡한, 야비한
confineB2to keep something within limits; to shut someone in제한하다, 가두다
consistentlyB2in the same way over a period of time끊임없이, 일관되게, 항상
dissentC1disagreement의견을 달리하다, 반대하다
forbidB1to order that something is not allowed금지하다, 막다
inhibitC1to restrain or hold back; to hinder or arrest; to prohibit억제하다, 금지하다
lawsuitB2a claim brought to a court of law소송, 고소
meanA1to signify; unkind; an average value의미하다, 비열한
oppressionC1cruel and unjust treatment by those in power억압, 억제
partialB2not complete; favoring one side over another; showing a strong liking for someone or something부분적인, 편파적인
pleaC1an urgent request for help; the answer given in a law court by a person accused of a crime탄원, 간청, 변명
principleB2a basic rule or law on which others are based; a belief used to tell right from wrong원칙, 원리
restrictB2to keep within set limits; to confine제한하다, 한정하다
solemnlyC1in a serious and formal way엄숙하게, 장엄하게
testimonyC1a formal statement given in a court of law증언, 증거
vagueB2not clearly expressed or precise막연한, 모호한, 흐릿한
abolishC1to do away completely with something; to put an end to폐지하다, 없애다
appealB2to ask strongly for help, understanding, or something else needed; to be attractive or interesting; to request review of a legal decision관심을 끌다, 매력적이다
executeB2to carry out a plan or order실행하다, 처형하다
legislateC1to make laws법률을 제정하다, 입법하다
sentenceA2the punishment given by a court; to give such punishment선고하다, 판결, 문장
summonC1to order someone to come; to call people together소집하다, 소환하다
violateB2to break a rule or law위반하다, 침해하다
distinguishB2to recognize the difference between things구별하다
administerC1to manage the affairs of an organization관리하다, 운영하다
assemblyB2a group of people gathered for a purpose의회, 집회, 조립
constituteC1to be the parts that form something구성하다, 제정하다, 설립하다
designateC1to indicate, point out; to appoint지정하다, 지명하다
enlistC1to join the armed forces; to obtain someone's help입대하다, 요청하다
governB2to control and direct a country or organization통치하다, 지배하다
hinderC1to delay; to stop or prevent from happening방해하다, 저지하다
initiateB2to cause something to begin시작하다, 개시하다
interveneC1to come between things, points, events in order to make changes개입하다, 끼어들다
liberationB2the act of setting someone free해방, 석방, 방면
organizeA2to arrange things into an ordered system조직하다, 구성하다, 정리하다
pledgeC1something given as a sign of a promise, especially money meant for a good cause; a sign or promise to fulfill an agreement약속하다, 맹세하다
prolongB2to make something last longer연장하다, 늘이다
provinceB1a large administrative division of a country지방, 지역
regimeC1a government in power; a form or system of rule or management; a period of rule정권, 체제
scrutinyC1careful and detailed examination정밀조사, 감시, 감독
sovereignC1having independent authority; a king or queen최고의, 주권을 가진, 주권자
unificationC1the process of joining separate parts into one통일, 통합
cabinetB2a group of senior government ministers; a storage cupboard내각(정치), 장식장
capitolB2a building where a legislature meets미국 국회 의사당
monarchB2a person who rules over a kingdom or empire.군주, 제왕
presidentA2the elected head of a republic or organization대통령, 회장
socialismB2a system in which the community owns the means of production사회주의, 사회주의 운동
tensionB2mental strain; a state of strained relations긴장, 압박
allyB2to unite or join for a special purpose동맹국, 동맹시키다
avengeC1to get revenge for, get even for, settle a score; to punish someone or get satisfaction for a wrong or injury보복하다, 복수하다
bombardC1to attack a place continuously with heavy fire폭격하다, 공격하다
combatB2fighting between armed forces; to try to stop something전투, 싸우다
concurC1to express agreement, approve동의하다, 협력하다, 동시에 일어나다
conquerB2to defeat or take over; to master or overcome정복하다, 이기다
corpsC1an organized body of people, especially military군단, 부대
exileC1forced absence from one's own country망명, 망명자, 추방하다
interchangeC1an exchange of things; a road junction교환하다, 교환, 교차점
interpretB2to explain the meaning or importance of해석하다, 통역하다
manifestC1clear, evident to the eyes or mind뚜렷한, 명백한, 나타나다
passionatelyB2with very strong feeling열렬히, 격렬하게
prior toB2before~에 앞서, ~전에
refusalB2the act of saying no to something거절, 거부
relianceC1dependence on someone or something의존, 의지
seizeB2to take hold of something suddenly and firmly잡다, 쥐다
stableB1A stable is a building where horses are kept.안정된, 마구간
stubbornB1refusing to change one's mind완고한, 고집 센
tacticB2a method planned to achieve a particular aim전략, 전술
uniteB1to bring two or more parts together to make a whole연합하다, 통합시키다
embassyB1the official residence and offices of an ambassador대사관
mobilizeC1to organize people or resources for action동원하다, 집결시키다
neutralB1not taking any side in a disagreement or war; lacking distinction중립의, 공평한
patriotB2a person who strongly supports their country애국지사, 애국자
proposeB1to put forward an idea for consideration제안하다, 청혼하다
superpowerB2a nation with dominant global influence초강대국
archaicC1very old and no longer used구식의
ambiguousC1not clear; having two or more possible meanings모호한
abbreviateB2to shorten a word or phrase요약하다, 단축하다, 축약하다
colloquialC1used in ordinary conversation rather than formal writing구어체의, 일상 회화의
converseC1to talk with someone; the opposite of something대화하다, 정반대의
deriveC1to obtain something from a source얻다, 끌어내다
intonationC1the rise and fall of the voice in speaking억양, 어조
intrinsicC1belonging to someone or something by its very nature, essential, inherent; originating in a bodily organ or part고유한, 본질적인
linguisticC1relating to language or the study of language언어의, 언어학의
nuanceC1a subtle or slight variation (as in color, meaning, quality), delicate gradation or shade of difference미묘한 차이, 뉘앙스
omitB2to leave something out생략하다, 빠뜨리다
outdatedB1no longer useful or in fashion구식의, 시대에 뒤진
paraphraseB2to express the same meaning in different words바꾸어 말하다, 의역하다
pinpointC1to locate or identify something exactly정확히 찾아내다, 정확한
proclaimC1to declare publicly or officially선언하다, 선포하다
progressiveB2favoring new ideas; happening gradually over time진보적인, 점진적인
purposeA2the reason something is done목적, 의도
singularB2referring to only one person or thing; out of the ordinary단 하나의, 뛰어난, 단일한
termB1a word or phrase used in a particular field; a fixed period용어, 기간
terminologyC1the special words used in a particular subject전문 용어
verbalB2relating to words, especially spoken ones말의, 구두의
bilingualB1able to speak two languages fluently2개 국어를 구사하는
fluencyB2the ability to speak or write smoothly and easily유창성, 능숙도
grammaticalB1relating to the rules of language structure문법적인
jargonC1special words used by a profession that others find hard to understand특수용어, 전문어, 은어
phoneticC1relating to speech sounds음성의, 음성학의
prefixB1a group of letters added to the front of a word접두사
pronunciationA2the way a word is spoken발음
usageB2the way something is used, especially language사용, 쓰임새
durableB2sturdy, not easily worn out or destroyed; lasting for a long time오래가는
disruptB2to break up, disturb방해하다
principalB2most important; the head of a school주요한
assortedB2of various different kinds다채로운
abstractB2having to do with an idea or quality rather than an object; hard to understand; (in art) with little likeness to real people or things추상적인, 추상, 개요
allegoryC1a story whose characters and events represent deeper meanings우화, 풍자
anecdoteC1a short account of an incident in someone's life일화, 비화
audienceB1the people watching or listening to a performance청중, 관객
climaxB2the most exciting or important point절정, 클라이맥스
compilationC1a collection of items gathered from various sources편집, 편집물
connotationC1an idea suggested by a word beyond its literal meaning함축, 내포
describeA2to say what someone or something is like묘사하다, 설명하다
fableB2a short story, often with animals, that teaches a lesson우화, 전설
fictionB1writing that describes imaginary events소설, 허구
genreB2a type, class, or variety, especially a distinctive category of literary composition; a style of painting in which everyday scenes are realistically depicted장르, 유형, 형식
humorousB2causing amusement재미있는, 유머러스한
monotonousC1dull as a result of not changing in any way단조로운, 변화 없는, 지루한
mythologyB2a collection of traditional stories belonging to a culture신화
narrateB2to tell a story이야기하다, 해설을 맡다
openlyB1without concealment터놓고, 솔직하게
prologueC1an introductory section at the start of a work머리말, 프롤로그
protagonistC1the main character in a story주연, 주인공
scenarioB2a description of a possible sequence of events시나리오, 각본
sequenceB2a set of things following each other in a particular order순서, 연속
symbolicB2representing something else, especially an idea상징적인, 상징하는
viewpointB1a particular way of considering something관점, 견해
classicalB1relating to ancient Greece and Rome; traditional in style고전의, 고전적인
literaryB2relating to literature or formal writing문학의, 문학적인
notationC1a system of written symbols표기법, 기호
previewB1something seen in advance미리 보기, 예고편, 시사회
projectionB2an estimate of a future amount based on current data예상, 예상치
proseC1ordinary written language, not poetry산문, 산문체
rhetoricC1the art of using language effectively to persuade수사법, 미사여구
presumablyB2used to say something is probably true아마
implyB2to suggest something without saying it directly시사하다
adjoinC1to be next to and joined with인접하다, 붙어있다
attainC1to succeed in achieving something달성하다, 이루다
buildupB2a gradual increase in amount축적, 증강, 강화
debrisC1scattered fragments, wreckage부스러기, 파편
erectB2to build something; standing straight up세우다, 똑바로 선
fragmentB2a small piece broken off from something파편, 조각
interiorB1the inside part of something내부, 내부의
invertC1to turn something upside down or reverse its order거꾸로 하다, 뒤집다
magnificentB2very grand and fine; remarkably beautiful or outstanding웅장한, 훌륭한
majesticC1impressively beautiful and dignified위엄 있는, 장엄한
matchA2to be equal or similar to something어울리다, 일치하다
miniatureB2on a very small scale소형의, 아주 작은; 축소판
modeB2a way in which something is done방법, 양식
pillarB2a tall upright post supporting a structure기둥, 대들보
prepareA1To prepare is to get ready.준비하다, 대비하다
restraintC1control over one's actions or feelings; a limitation규제, 통제
shortcomingC1a fault or weakness결점, 단점
structureB1the way parts are arranged to form a whole; a building구조, 건조물, 구조화 하다
damB1a barrier built to hold back water댐, 댐을 건설하다, 막다
insulateB2to protect something with material that stops heat or sound passing절연하다, 격리하다
landmarkB1an easily recognized feature; an important stage in development주요 지형지물, 랜드마크
rustB1the reddish coating that forms on iron when it gets wet녹, 녹슬다
distortC1to give a false or misleading account of; to twist out of shape왜곡하다
accumulateB2to gather together, often in an increasing number모으다, 축적하다
assessB2to judge the quality, value, or amount of something평가하다, 사정하다
assetB2something of value; a resource; an advantage자산, 재산
complementC1to complete보완하다, 보충하다, 보충물
disintegrateC1to break into small pieces and be destroyed해체되다, 분해되다
expendC1to pay out, spend; to use up(시간, 노력 등을) 쓰다, 소비하다
fundB1a sum of money saved for a purpose; to provide money for기금, 자금, 자금을 제공하다
gainB1to obtain or increase something얻다, 획득하다
inheritB2to receive money or qualities from someone before you상속하다, 물려받다
interestA2money paid for the use of money; a desire to know about something이자, 이익, 관심을 끌다
noticeableB1easy to see; likely to be observed; worthy of attention눈에 띄는, 현저한
outcomeB2the final result of an action or process결과, 성과
prosperC1to be successful, especially financially번영하다, 번창하다
provisionC1to supply with food or materials공급, 제공
reasonableB1fair and sensible; not too much논리적인, 분별력이 있는, 합리적인
setbackB2something that interferes with progress; a disappointment, unexpected loss or defeat; a step-like recession in a wall방해, 좌절
skyrocketC1to rise very quickly to a high level급등하다
coinageC1a newly invented word; the making of coins신조어, 화폐 주조
financeB1the management of large sums of money재정, 재무, 자금을 조달하다
heirC1a person who will inherit property or a title상속인, 후계자
pensionB2regular payments made to a person after retirement연금, 생활 보조금
subsistenceC1the minimum resources needed to stay alive최저 생활, 생계
manipulateB2to handle or use skillfully; to manage or control for personal gain or advantage다루다, 조종하다, 조작하다, 속이다
assassinB2a person who murders an important figure암살자, 자객
competeB1to try for something, such as a prize; to take part in a game or contest; to play against another or others경쟁하다, 겨루다
alloyC1a metal made by mixing two or more metals합금하다, 혼합하다, 합금, 혼합물
arduousC1hard to do, requiring much effort힘든, 고된
beforehandB2before a particular event미리, 사전에
boostB2to increase or improve something증대시키다, 격려하다, 후원하다
collaborateB2to work with, work together공동으로 일하다, 협력하다
colleagueB1a person you work with동료
diligenceC1careful and persistent effort근면, 부지런함
downturnC1a decline in economic or business activity침체, 하락
impersonalB2not showing warmth or personal feeling비인간적인, 냉담한
industryB1the manufacturing of goods; a branch of business산업, 공업
laborB1physical work; workers as a group노동, 노동하다
precedeC1to come or happen before something else선행하다, 앞서다
procedureB2an established way of doing something절차, 순서
processB1a series of actions to achieve a result; to deal with과정, 절차, 처리하다
productA2something made to be sold생산품, 제품
resignB2to give up a job, an office, or a right or claim사직하다, 사임하다
textileB2woven or knitted cloth직물, 옷감
workforceB2all the people who work for a company or in a country노동력, 노동자
alternateB2to do, use, or happen in successive turns; to take turns번갈아 하다, 교대로 하다, 교대의
cooperateB2to work together toward a shared goal협력하다, 협동하다
fabricateC1to make, manufacture; to make up, invent만들어내다, 꾸며내다; 제조하다
furnaceB2an enclosed structure for producing great heat용광로, 난방로
modernizeB2to bring something up to date현대화하다, 현대식으로 만들다
moldB2a container that gives shape to a liquid; to shape something만들다, 주조하다, 거푸집
volatileC1highly changeable, fickle; tending to become violent or explosive; changing readily from the liquid to the gaseous state변덕스러운, 불안한
sensationalB2causing great excitement or interest대단한, 놀라운
corruptB2willing to act dishonestly for personal gain부패한, 타락한
expelC1to force someone to leave a place or organization추방하다, 쫓아내다
harassC1to disturb, worry; to trouble by repeated attacks괴롭히다, 희롱하다
imprisonB2to put someone in prison투옥하다, 감금하다
oathB2a solemn promise맹세, 서약
reconciliationC1the restoring of friendly relations화해, 조정
resentC1to feel bitter about something you think is unfair분개하다, 화를 내다
shelterB1a place giving protection from weather or danger피난처
allegeC1to assert without proof or confirmation혐의를 제기하다
casualtyB2a person killed or injured in an accident or war사상자, 피해자
confrontationB2a hostile meeting between opposing sides대치, 대립
conspiracyB2a secret plan by a group to do something harmful음모, 공모
homelessB1having no place to live집 없는, 노숙자
suspectB1to believe something is probably true; a person thought guilty의심하다, 용의자
abductB2to kidnap, carry off by force납치하다
aliasB2an assumed name, especially as used to hide one’s identity가명, 별칭
authorizeB2to approve or permit; to give power or authority to권한을 주다
beaconB2a light or other signal that warns and guides; a lighthouse; anything that guides or inspires횃불, 신호등
cascadeB2a steep, narrow waterfall; something falling or rushing forth in quantity폭포처럼 쏟아지다
clarityB2clearness, accuracy명료함
commentaryB2a series of notes clarifying or explaining something; an expression of opinion해설
confrontB2to meet face-to-face, especially as a challenge; come to grips with직면하다
copeB2to struggle successfully against; to prove to be a match for, deal with satisfactorily대처하다
cringeB2to shrink back or hide in fear or submissiveness움츠리다
culpritB2a person who has committed a crime or is guilty of some misconduct; an offender범인, 원인
dataB1information; facts, figures, statistics자료, 데이터
debutB2a first public appearance; a formal entrance into society데뷔
epicB2a long narrative poem (or other literary composition) about the deeds of heroes; an event or movement of great sweep서사시적인, 장대한
famishedB2suffering severely from hunger or from a lack of something굶주린
fatalityB2an event resulting in death; an accidental death사망자
fluentB1speaking or writing easily and smoothly, flowing gracefully유창한
gritB2very fine sand or gravel; courage in the face of hardship or danger투지, 모래
grossB2coarse, vulgar; very noticeable; total총계의, 역겨운
idolizeB2to worship as an idol, make an idol of; to love very much숭배하다
illusionB2a false idea; something that one seems to see or to be aware of that really does not exist착각, 환상
incomprehensibleB2impossible to understand이해할 수 없는
infuriateB2to make very angry, enrage격분하게 하다
inhabitantB1one living permanently in a given place거주자
intensiveB2thorough, deep; showing great effort; concentrated집중적인
intimidateB2to make timid or frighten by threats; to use fear to get someone to do (or not to do) something위협하다
logicalB1reasonable; making use of reason and good sense논리적인
maneuverB2a planned movement; a skillful plan; a scheme책략, 조종하다
mazeB2a network of paths through which it is hard to find one’s way; something very mixed-up and confusing미로
mortalB2(n.) a being that must eventually die; (adj.) of or relating to such a being; causing death, fatal; possible, conceivable죽을 운명의, 치명적인
nimbleB2quick and skillful in movement, agile; clever민첩한
numbB2having lost the power of feeling or movement감각이 없는
optimistB2one who expects things to turn out for the best; someone who looks on the bright side of things낙관주의자
optionalB1left to one's own choice; not required선택적인
outrightB2complete; instantaneous; without reservation, thoroughgoing노골적인, 완전한
panoramaB2a wide, unobstructed view of an area; a complete survey of a subject; a continuously passing or changing scene; a range or spectrum전경
partitionB2something that divides (such as a wall); the act of dividing something into parts or sections칸막이, 분할
patheticB2marked by strong emotion, especially pity and sorrow; able to move people emotionally; worthy of pity; woefully inadequate or lacking한심한, 애처로운
pessimistB2one who believes or expects the worst; prophet of doom비관주의자
pettyB2unimportant, trivial; narrow-minded; secondary in rank, minor사소한, 옹졸한
precautionB2care taken beforehand; a step or action taken to prevent something from happening예방 조치
prosecuteB2to bring before a court of law for trial; to carry out기소하다
punctureB2(n.) a small hole made by a sharp object; (v.) to make such a hole, pierce구멍을 내다
recedeB2to go or move backward; to become more distant물러나다
reimburseB2to pay back; to give payment for상환하다
replicaB2a copy, close reproduction복제품
resourcefulB2able to deal promptly and effectively with all sorts of problems; clever in finding ways and means of getting along수완이 좋은
responsiveB2answering or replying; reacting readily to requests, suggestions, etc.; showing interest and understanding반응이 빠른
sabotageB2(n.) an action taken to destroy something or to prevent it from working properly; (v.) to take such destructive action방해 공작
sanctuaryB2a sacred or holy place; refuge or protection from capture or punishment; a place of refuge or protection보호 구역, 성역
sereneB2peaceful, calm; free of emotional upset; clear and free of storm; majestic, grand고요한
sinisterB2appearing evil or dangerous; threatening evil or harm사악한, 불길한
sluggishB2lazy; slow-moving; not active, dull느릿한
staminaB2the strength needed to keep going or overcome physical or mental strain; staying power체력, 지구력
strandB2a beach or shore; a string of wire, hair, etc.고립시키다, 가닥
supplementB2(n.) something added to complete a thing or make up for a lack; a section added to a book or document; (v.) to provide such an addition or completion보충하다, 보충물
templateB2a pattern, typically in the form of metal, wood, or plastic; something that is used as a model to imitate견본, 서식
tintB2a delicate color or hue; a slight trace of something색조, 옅게 물들이다
titanicB2of enormous size, strength, power, or scope거대한
toppleB2to fall forward; to overturn, bring about the downfall of넘어뜨리다
traitB2a quality or characteristic (especially of personality); a distinguishing feature특성
vandalismB2deliberate and pointless destruction of public or private property기물 파손
variableB1likely to undergo change; changeable변동이 심한, 변수
wholesomeB2healthy; morally and socially sound and good; helping to bring about or preserve good health건전한, 유익한
witherB2to dry up, wilt, sag; to cause someone to feel ashamed, humiliated, or very small시들다, 쇠퇴하다
animatedB2full of life, lively, alive활기찬
bankruptB2in a state of financial ruin파산한
bewilderB2to puzzle completely, confuse당황하게 하다
bystanderB2one who looks on or observes, a person present but not taking part구경꾼, 방관자
casualB1happening by chance or on an irregular basis; showing little concern; informal평상시의, 격식 없는
catastropheB2a large-scale disaster, misfortune, or failure재앙
caterB2to satisfy the needs of, try to make things easy and pleasant; to supply food and service음식을 공급하다
chronologicalB2arranged in order of time of occurrence연대순의
clarificationB2the act of making clear or understandable, an explanation설명, 해명
clutterB2to fill or cover in a disorderly way어수선함, 어지르다
counterfeitB2an imitation designed to deceive위조의
cynicalB2inclined to believe the worst of people; bitterly mocking or sneering냉소적인
dialogueB1a conversation between two or more people; an interchange of opinions and ideas, free discussion대화
downrightB2thoroughly완전히, 노골적인
droneB2a loafer, idler; a buzzing or humming sound; a remote- control device; a male bee윙윙거리다, 무인기
enchantB2to please greatly; to charm, put under a magic spell매혹하다
fruitlessB2not producing the desired results, unsuccessfu성과 없는
frustrateB2to prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; to cause feelings of discouragement좌절시키다
fugitiveB2one who flees or runs away도망자
galaB2a public entertainment marking a special event, a festive occasion축제, 경축 행사
intermittentB2stopping and beginning again, sporadic간헐적인, 단속적인
abilityB1the power or skill to do something능력, 재능
accuseB2to say that someone or something has done wrong; blame비난하다, 고발하다
actualB1happening in fact or reality실제의, 사실상의
admirableB2deserving praise훌륭한, 감탄스러운
amateurB2someone who does something for pleasure and not for money; someone who does not have much experience아마추어, 비전문가
archB2a curved structure that serves as an opening and as a support아치, 아치형 구조
automaticB1done without thought or will; done by a machine, not by a human자동의, 무의식적인
bargainB2an agreement between two people or groups; something sold cheaply; a good deal흥정; 싸게 산 물건
bitterB1sharp and unpleasant; angry or hurt쓴; 격렬한, 원한 어린
brilliantB1sparkling or full of light; striking and shiny; very smart눈부신; 뛰어난
chillB2an unpleasant feeling of coldness; coolness냉기, 오한
climateB1the usual weather conditions of a place기후
clingB2to hold on firmly; to have a strong attachment to or feeling for something or someone달라붙다, 매달리다
decayB2the slow decline of something; a wearing away부패, 쇠퇴
delightfulB2very pleasing, wonderful아주 기분 좋은
departB1to go away떠나다, 출발하다
devotionB2loyalty and affection헌신, 전념
disturbB1to make upset or uneasy방해하다, 불안하게 하다
driftB2to be carried away by water or air떠다니다, 표류하다
exclaimB2to speak with strong feelings or emotions; to cry out외치다, 소리치다
faintB2to pass out기절하다; 희미한
firmB1a business or small company회사, 업체
formalB1following strict rules or customs; requiring fancy clothes and fine manners격식을 차린, 공식적인
fortunateB2having or bringing good luck; lucky운이 좋은
furyB2strong anger, rage격노, 분노
glanceB1to look quickly; to bounce off a surface and fly off to one side흘끗 보다
glideB2to move smoothly and easily미끄러지듯 움직이다
gloomyB2partly or completely dark; wearing a frown어둑한; 우울한
gloryB2great honor or praise given by others; great beauty영광, 영예
graceB2ease and beauty of movement; a charming or pleasing quality; a short prayer at meals우아함; 은총
grantB2to admit that something is true; to permit or allow인정하다; 승인하다
graveB1a hole in the ground where something is buried무덤; 중대한
honorB1great respect; a sign of respect; a sense of what is right명예, 존경
imitateB2to copy someone's movements or expressions; to appear like something else모방하다, 흉내 내다
inquireB2to ask about묻다, 문의하다
lameB2stiff, sore, or not able to move properly; weak, not satisfactory절뚝거리는; 설득력 없는
loyalB2faithful to one's country, a person, or an idea충성스러운, 충실한
observeB1to see; to watch with close attention; to stick to or obey관찰하다; 준수하다
opponentB2someone who is set against another, as in a contest, game, argument, or fight상대, 반대자
passageB1the act of moving from one place to another; a trip by sea or by air; a way in or out; a part of a written work or piece of music통로; 구절; 통행
penalizeB2to punish처벌하다, 불이익을 주다
picturesqueB2charming, quaint그림 같은, 아름다운
pierceB2to make a hole or opening; to run into or through something, as with a pointed tool or weapon꿰뚫다, 관통하다
plungeB2to fall quickly; to quickly throw oneself down or into something급락하다; 뛰어들다
predatorB2one that destroys or devours others; an animal that stalks and eats other animals포식자, 육식 동물
predictB1to guess what is going to happen예측하다, 예언하다
punctuateB2to mark printed or written materials with periods, commas, and other signs; to give importance to구두점을 찍다; 중간중간 끼어들다
purifyB2to make clean and free of dirt and pollutants정화하다, 깨끗이 하다
reflexB2an automatic response, usually very quick반사, 반사 작용
remarkB1a short statement발언, 논평
restlessB2unable to rest, relax, or be still; without rest or sleep안절부절못하는, 잠 못 이루는
rippleB2a small wave잔물결, 파문
routeB1a road or way of travel between two places경로, 노선
ruinB1to destroy or damage something망치다, 파괴하다
sensitiveB1reacting to something quickly; easily hurt or bothered민감한, 예민한
separationB2the act or condition of being apart분리, 이별
shallowB1not deep; not showing much thought얕은; 피상적인
stoutB2large and heavy in build; physically strong and sturdy; having courage or determination통통한; 튼튼한; 용감한
struggleB1an enormous effort or attempt; a battle투쟁, 분투
stuntB2to stop or slow down the growth of성장을 저해하다
tiresomeB2annoyingly dull or exhausting; unexciting지루한, 성가신
traditionB1a custom, belief, or idea that has been passed down over time전통, 관습
tranquilB2free from trouble or disturbance, quiet고요한, 평온한
treasureB1a collection of valuable objects; something worth a lot보물, 재보
triumphB2an important success or win; a feeling of happiness that comes from winning승리, 대성공
uproarB2a state of noisy excitement, confusion소란, 야단법석
wanderB1to move around without a plan or goal; to get lost거닐다, 헤매다
watchfulB2always noticing what is happening, aware주의 깊은, 경계하는
wisdomB1knowledge and good sense, especially as a result of experience지혜, 현명함
witB2the talent to describe things or people in a funny or unusual way; the ability to think clearly; a clever and amusing person재치, 기지
woeB2great sorrow or suffering; trouble비애, 고통
wreckageB2what is left of something that has been destroyed잔해, 파편
wretchedB2very unhappy or unfortunate, miserable; very poor in quality비참한, 형편없는
charismaB2the special personal magnetism that makes an individual exceptionally appealing to other people카리스마, 사람을 끄는 힘
empathyB2a sympathetic understanding of or identification with the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of someone or something else공감, 감정 이입
hierarchyB2any system of things or people arranged or graded one above another in order of rank, wealth, class, etc.위계, 계층 구조
iconB2a representation or image of a sacred personage, often considered sacred itself.성상; 상징적 인물
metamorphosisB2a complete transformation, as if by magic변태, 변형
obliviousB2forgetful; unaware알아차리지 못하는, 무심한
optB2to make a choice or decision선택하다
parameterB2a determining or characteristic element; a factor that shapes the total outcome매개변수, 요인
protocolB2customs and regulations dealing with official behavior and etiquette, as in a court or among diplomats의정서; 프로토콜; 의례
symptomaticB2typical or characteristic징후를 보이는, 전형적인
therapeuticB2having the power to heal or cure; beneficial치료의, 치료 효과가 있는
abideB2to put up with, to have patience with참다, 견디다
alertB1watchful and ready to act; quick to understand and act경계하는, 기민한
ambushB2to make a surprise attack from a hidden place매복 공격
analyzeB1to study the parts of something in order to understand what it is, how it is put together, or how it works; to study carefully or in detail분석하다
arenaB2an enclosed space used for sports or shows; a field of interest, activity, conflict, or debate경기장; 활동 무대
attentiveB2paying attention; thoughtful and polite주의 깊은, 세심한
attractiveB1pleasing to the eye, mind, or senses; having the power to draw attention매력적인
babbleB2to talk foolishly or too much; to make meaningless sounds; to make a gurgling sound재잘거리다; 졸졸 흐르다
baggageB1suitcases, bags, packages, equipment, or other items travelers carry; things that get in the way수하물, 짐
blockadeB2to close off or keep people or supplies from going in or out봉쇄하다, 봉쇄
bonusB1something extra or beyond what is owed or expected보너스, 상여금
bristleB2a stiff, short hair or fiber뻣뻣한 털; 발끈하다
burdenB2something that is carried, a load; something that is very hard to bear짐, 부담
captivityB2the state of being confined or held against one's will포로 상태, 감금
carefreeB2without troubles, worries, or responsibilities근심 걱정 없는
celebrityB1a well-known person; someone who is famous; fame유명 인사, 명성
chantB2to sing; to recite in a tone that varies only a little or not at all연호하다, 성가
clatterB2to make short, sharp sounds by rattling or banging together; to speak or move with confused, noisy sound덜커덕거리다
competitionB1a game or contest; trying to outdo others경쟁, 시합
complimentB1a remark or action that shows admiration, praise, or approval; (used in the plural) good wishes칭찬, 찬사
convictB2to prove or judge to be guilty유죄를 선고하다
counselB2opinions or ideas given for a plan of action; a talk that leads to a decision; a lawyer조언; 변호인
courtesyB2polite, thoughtful, or considerate behavior; a polite act; a favor예의, 정중함
depressB2to make someone sad, discourage우울하게 하다
despairB2to give up all hope, lose heart절망하다, 절망
digestB2a shortened version of previously published writings; a magazine that publishes such short versions요약본; 소화하다
disasterB1a sudden, terrible event that brings great damage or suffering; a great loss재난, 참사
dismalB2depressed; showing a lack of hope; dreary, gloomy음울한, 참담한
disposeB2to put in a certain place배치하다; 처리하다
distractB2to draw attention to something else or cause to turn aside; to confuse or disturb주의를 흩뜨리다
distressB2deep worrying or suffering; being in danger or in trouble고통, 곤경
drabB2an olive brown or brownish gray color칙칙한, 단조로운
dreadB2to be afraid; to fear or feel deep worry몹시 두려워하다
droughtB2a long time without rain; a prolonged shortage가뭄
dungeonB2a dark room or cell used as a prison, usually underground지하 감옥
earnestB2serious, important or grave진지한, 진심 어린
elementaryB1related to the simplest or beginning level of something기초의, 초보의
envyB1a feeling of resentment caused by longing for what someone has; a person or object that is envied부러움, 질투
epidemicB2spreading to avery large group at the same time; contagious전염병; 유행성의
exaggerateB1to enlarge a statement beyond what is true과장하다
fatalB2causing death, destruction, or ruin치명적인
feebleB2having little strength or force; without energy or authority약한, 미약한
frailB2weak or lacking strength; likely to give in to temptation허약한, 부서지기 쉬운
generosityB2the quality of being charitable to others in thought or action; willingness to give; an act of giving관대함, 너그러움
grumbleB2to complain angrily, but not loudly; to growl투덜거리다
hasteB2speed or quickness of motion; overeager action without caution서두름, 성급함
heroicB2brave, noble, or larger than life; involving extreme effort영웅적인, 용감한
hostageB2a person held prisoner by another or by an enemy and used in bargaining for certain demands인질
humidB1steamy or heavy with moisture; moist or damp습한, 눅눅한
jaggedB2with a rough or sharp edge; irregular or harsh들쭉날쭉한, 삐죽삐죽한
juvenileB2not fully grown; of or meant for children or young people; foolish or immature청소년의, 미성숙한
lanceB2a long, metal-tipped weapon used by knights or soldiers on horseback; any sharp, pointed instrument that resembles such a weapon창
landslideB2a fast downhill movement of rocks or soil; any mass that slides down; a lopsided victory in an election산사태; 압도적 승리
lashB2to whip or strike; to scold; to strap down with rope or cord채찍질하다; 후려치다
lukewarmB2only moderately warm, not hot but not cold; without enthusiasm미지근한; 미온적인
marineB2related to or of the sea, sailing, or shipping; related to the seagoing branch of the armed forces바다의, 해양의
mistrustB2a lack of confidence불신, 의심
necessityB2something that cannot be avoided or done without; great need필요, 필수품
nourishB2to feed or help grow and develop; to support영양을 공급하다, 기르다
offendB2to break a law or rule; to cause hurt feelings, anger, or injury기분을 상하게 하다; 위반하다
opposeB2to act or speak out against, resist, object to; to be in direct contrast with반대하다, 대항하다
orientB2to adjust or adapt to a new and unfamiliar situation; to find one's position in relation to new surroundings적응시키다, 방향을 잡다
originateB2to bring into being비롯되다, 유래하다
overthrowB2to overturn; to bring about the fall or end of전복하다, 타도하다
pointlessB1having no meaning or effect무의미한, 헛된
proceedB1to go on or continue in an orderly way; to start again after a pause; to start an action, move나아가다, 계속하다
quakeB2to shake or move back and forth; to tremble흔들리다; 지진
quiverB2a sheath used to hold arrows; a trembling or shaking motion떨다, 떨림
rampageB2to rush around wildly or violently난동을 부리다
rationB2a portion of food allowed for one meal or one day; food or supplies; a share배급, 할당량
recognitionB2special attention; praise; acknowledgement of achievement인정, 인식
regainB2to get back; to reach again되찾다, 회복하다
reserveB1to hold back or set aside; to save for future use예약하다; 비축하다
scamperB2to run or move quickly or playfully재빨리 뛰어다니다
scholarB2a learned person; an expert in a field of study; someone who studies with a teacher; a student who gets a gift of money to pay for education학자
sectorB2a part of division of something; the part of the circle included between two radii부문, 분야
shabbyB2worn or faded from use or wear; dressed in worn-out clothes; not fair or generous낡은, 초라한
siftB2to put through a strainer to separate or break up lumps; to sort through or examine체로 치다; 면밀히 살피다
sincereB1without pretending; with honesty and real feeling진실한, 진심의
spreeB2a lively or wild outburst of activity흥청거림, 한바탕
stampedeB2a wild rush of animals or people, usually when frightened우르르 몰림, 쇄도
sternB2not kindly or gentle; harsh-looking엄격한, 근엄한
submitB1to present or hand in something; to surrender or give in to someone or something제출하다; 굴복하다
tardyB2not on time, delayed; slow-moving늦은, 지각한
thawB2to melt or cause to melt; to warm up gradually녹다, 해빙
toxicB2poisonous or deadly유독한, 독성의
treatyB2an agreement or contract between two or more countries, arrived at by discussion and compromise; the legal document that has the terms of such an agreement조약, 협정
tributeB2something given to show thanks; a compliment찬사, 헌사
troublesomeB2difficult; causing annoyance, bother, or worry성가신, 골치 아픈
trudgeB2to walk or march slowly and with difficulty or tiredness터벅터벅 걷다
unfitB2not suitable or proper; not good enough; unhealthy부적합한; 건강치 못한
urgentB1needing or demanding immediate action or attention긴급한, 시급한
vanityB2the quality of being stuck-up or vain; having too much pride in one's looks or abilities; a dressing table허영심, 자만
warrantB2a written order that allows for legal action영장; 정당화하다
worthyB2having value, importance, or worth; good enough for가치 있는, ~할 만한
bareB1If something is bare, it is not covered.벌거벗은, 텅 빈
beamB1A beam is a long, strong piece of wood or metal that holds up part of a building.들보; 광선
carveB1When you carve something, you cut into it.조각하다, 새기다
dampB1When something is damp, it is a little wet or moist.축축한, 눅눅한
dashB1A dash is a small amount of something.소량; 돌진
dawnB1Dawn is the time of day when the sun first comes up.새벽, 동틀 녘
denB1A den is where some wild animals rest.굴, 소굴
eagerB1A person who is eager is very interested in doing something.열망하는, 간절한
feastB1A feast is a very large meal on a special day.잔치, 성찬
frownB1When you frown, you move your eyebrows together and wrinkle your forehead.눈살을 찌푸리다
greedyB1A greedy person wants more of something that what he or she needs.탐욕스러운
harmB1Harm means "to hurt."해치다, 해
herdB1A herd is a group of animals. The herd may feed or travel together.떼, 무리
innB1An inn is a small place where a person can eat a meal and stay for the night. It is usually in the country.여관, 주막
leanB1When you lean, you bend in a certain direction.기대다, 몸을 기울이다
leapB1If you leap, you take a jump forward.도약하다, 뛰어오르다
majorB1Something major is important or great in size or number.주요한, 중대한
nibbleB1If you nibble something, you eat it with very small bites.조금씩 갉아먹다
pitchB1When you pitch something, you throw it.던지다; 음의 높낮이
scrapeB1When you scrape something, you rub it against a rough or sharp surface.긁다, 문지르다
screechB1A screech is a loud, high sound.날카로운 소리, 끼익 소리
selectB1When you select something, you pick it out.선택하다, 고르다
shiverB1When you shiver, you shake quickly. Usually, your whole body will shiver if you are cold or afraid.떨다, 오들오들 떨다
slenderB1A slender person or thing is thin.날씬한, 가느다란
sniffB1When you sniff something, you take in air through your nose in short, quick breaths.킁킁거리다, 냄새를 맡다
snowstormB1A snowstorm happens when a lot of snow falls.눈보라
soarB2To soar is to fly very high in the air.치솟다, 날아오르다
stackB1A stack is a neat pile of something.쌓아 올린 더미
steadyB1If something is steady, it continues and does not change much.꾸준한, 안정된
steepB1A steep hill has a sharp slope that is difficult to go up.가파른
steerB1When you steer something, you move it in a certain direction.조종하다, 몰다
tenderB1When something is tender, it is soft and easy to cut.부드러운; 다정한
tenseB1When you are tense, you are not relaxed.긴장한, 팽팽한
trailB1A trail is a path for people to follow, especially in the woods.오솔길, 자취
trembleB1When you tremble, you shake from excitement or anger. A part of your body shakes a little when you tremble.떨다, 진동하다
applauseB1Applause is a clapping of the hands to let performers know they did a good job.박수갈채
blushB1When you blush, you become red in the face.얼굴을 붉히다
chatterB1When people chatter, they talk fast about unimportant things.재잘거리다, 수다
clutchB1When you clutch something, you hold onto it very tightly.꽉 붙잡다
cowardB1Sometimes a person who is too afraid of something is called a coward.겁쟁이
creakB1When you hear a creak, you hear a sharp squeaking sound.삐걱거리다, 삐걱 소리
dartB1To dart means to run or move quickly.쏜살같이 움직이다
dozeB1Doze means to sleep lightly for a short amount of time.깜빡 졸다
drenchB1When you drench something, you make it completely wet.흠뻑 적시다
drowsyB1When you are drowsy, you are very sleepy.졸린, 나른한
duskB1Dusk is the time of day just before the sun goes down.해질녘, 황혼
exhaustedB1When you are exhausted, you are very tired and warn out.기진맥진한
fierceB1When we say that something is fierce, we mean that it is wild, strong and dangerous.사나운, 격렬한
fortuneB1A fortune can be a large amount of money or lots of jewels.재산, 부; 운
franticB1When you are frantic, you get very excited because you are afraid or nervous.제정신이 아닌, 정신없는
furiousB1When someone is furious, he or she is very angry.격노한
gaspB1When you gasp, you take a quick and sudden breath.숨을 헐떡이다
grinB1When you grin, you smile with pleasure.활짝 웃다
groanB1When you groan, you make a deep, sad sound.신음하다
gulpB1To gulp means to quickly swallow a large amount of air or liquid.꿀꺽 삼키다
hatchB1When animals hatch, they break out of their eggs.부화하다
howlB1To howl is to make a long, loud crying sound.울부짖다
huddleB1When you huddle, you gather together in a small, close group.옹기종기 모이다
injuryB1An injury is harm done to a part of the body.부상, 상해
jealousB1People who are jealous feel upset because they want something that someone else has.질투하는
limpB1When you walk with a limp, your walk is uneven because something is wrong with your leg or foot.절뚝거리다
livelyB1When something is lively, that means it's very energetic.활기찬, 생기 있는
loosenB1When you loosen something, you make it less tight.느슨하게 하다, 풀다
mischiefB1When you get into mischief, you do playful things that get you into trouble.장난, 짓궂음
mistyB1If the weather is misty, there are drops of water in the air.안개 낀
peerB1When you peer at something, you look very closely at it.응시하다, 유심히 보다
performB1When people perform, they present something to others.공연하다; 수행하다
pleadB2When you plead, you beg.간청하다; 항변하다
polishB1When you polish something, you rub it hard to make it shine.닦다, 광을 내다
ripeB1If something is ripe, it is ready to eat.익은, 여문
roamB1When you roam, you wander around without a plan.돌아다니다, 배회하다
rompB1When you romp, you play in a lively manner.떠들썩하게 뛰놀다
selfishB1When you are selfish, you think about only yourself.이기적인
shockB1A shock is a sudden surprising event that often is upsetting.충격, 놀람
shriekB1To shriek means to let out a loud, sharp sound.비명을 지르다
slipperyB1When something is slippery, it is very smooth or wet and hard to stand on or hold on to.미끄러운
slyB1Sly means clever or sneaky.교활한, 능글맞은
sneakyB1Sneaky means doing something without anyone knowing about it.몰래 하는, 교활한
sprinkleB1When you sprinkle, you drop small bits onto something.뿌리다
squirmB1When people squirm, they twist their bodies or wiggle around.꿈틀거리다, 몸을 비틀다
stormyB1When the weather is stormy, there are strong winds and rain.폭풍우가 치는
stumbleB1When you stumble, you lose your balance and trip.발을 헛디디다, 비틀거리다
stunB1When you stun someone, you surprise that person.놀라게 하다, 아연하게 하다
swayB1When people sway, they slowly move their bodies back and forth.흔들리다, 흔들다
tangleB1A tangle is a twisted mess of knots.엉킴, 뒤엉키다
wearyB1When you are weary, you are very tired.지친, 피곤한
whimperB1When you whimper, you make a soft crying sound.훌쩍이다, 흐느끼다
whirlB1To whirl means to turn quickly in a circle.빙글빙글 돌다
yankB1When you yank something, you give it a quick, strong pull.홱 잡아당기다
activateB2to make something start working활성화하다
applianceB1a machine or tool used to do a household job기구, 장치, 전기제품
apprenticeB2a person learning a trade from a skilled employer도제, 견습생
approximateB2to come close to or approach대략의, ~에 가깝다
autobiographyB2an account of a person's life written by that person자서전
behaveB1to act in a particular way행동하다, 처신하다
captionB2a short text printed with a picture표제, 제목, 자막
clockwiseB1moving in the same direction as the hands of a clock시계방향의, 시계방향으로
copyrightB2the legal right to control the use of an original work저작권, 판권; 저작권을 얻다
defectB2an imperfection, flaw, or blemish of some kind결점, 결함
differentiateB2to recognize what makes things different차별, 구별하다
electricA2powered by or producing electricity전기의, 전기 장치의
electronicA2using components that control electric current전자의, 전자 공학의
enlightenC1to give someone greater understanding계몽하다, 가르치다
enrollmentB2the act of officially joining a course or organization등록, 입학
equipB2to supply someone with what is needed갖추다, 설비하다
exaggerationB2a description that makes something seem larger than it is과장, 과장된 표현
expositionC1a large public exhibition; a detailed explanation박람회, 전시회
exposureB2the state of being uncovered or made known노출, 폭로
factionC1a small group within a larger one, often in disagreement파벌, 당파
faultyB2not working properly결함이 있는, 불완전한
identifyB1to recognize who or what someone is확인하다, 식별하다
indexB2an alphabetical list at the end of a book; a measure of change지수, 색인
instructB1to teach or give orders to someone가르치다, 지시하다
interactB2to communicate with or act upon each other상호작용하다, 서로 영향을 미치다
literateB2able to read and write; showing an excellent educational background; having knowledge or training읽고 쓸 수 있는, 교육받은
mainstreamB2accepted by most people as normal주류, 주류에 편입시키다
manualB1a book of instructions; a handbook설명서, 안내서
mechanicalB2operated by machinery기계의, 기계적인
methodB1a particular way of doing something방법, 방식
motivateB1to provide with a reason for doing; to push on to some goal동기를 부여하다, 자극하다
mutualB2shared, felt, or shown equally by two or more서로의, 공통의
nurtureC1to bring up, care for, train, nourish양육하다, 돌보다
operateB1to work or function; to control a machine작동하다, 수술하다
originB1the cause or beginning기원, 유래
outlookB2a person's attitude; the likely future전망, 조망
overlapB2to cover part of the same area or period겹치다, 중복되다
overviewB2a general description without detail개관, 개요
partisanC1a strong supporter of a person, party, or cause; one whose support is unreasoning; a resistance fighter, guerrilla편파적인, 당원
positiveA2hopeful and confident; certain긍정적인, 확신하는
pubertyB2the stage when a young person becomes able to reproduce사춘기, 성숙기
publicationB2a book or magazine that has been printed간행물, 출판물
publicizeB2to make something widely known알리다, 홍보하다
registerB1to sign up; to show on a scale; to note or understand등록하다, 기재하다
regressionC1a return to a less developed state회귀, 복귀
sarcasmC1the use of remarks that mean the opposite, to mock someone빈정거림, 비꼼
satireC1the use of humor to criticize people or ideas풍자, 비꼼
scoldB2When you scold someone, you speak in an angry way.꾸짖다, 잔소리하다
scrollB1a roll of paper for writing; to move text on a screen두루마리, 족자, 스크롤 하다
sectionA2A section is part of a whole.부분, 구역
sessionB1a period of time used for a particular activity시간, 기간
specimenC1a single example used for study견본, 표본
statisticsB1numerical data collected and analyzed통계, 통계학
subscribeB1to pay regularly to receive something구독하다, 가입하다
telescopeB1an instrument for viewing distant objects망원경, 단축하다
utensilB2a tool, especially one used in a kitchen기구, 도구
utilityB2usefulness; a public service such as water or electricity공공시설, 공공요금, 유용성