account forB2to explain the cause of something; to form a part of a total설명하다
particularB1relating to one specific thing rather than others특별한
prominentB2standing out so as to be easily seen; important, well-known눈에 잘 띄는
replenishC1to fill again, make good, replace다시 채우다
indigenousC1originating in the country or region where found, native; inborn; inherent토착의, 원주민의
converselyC1from the opposite point of view역으로, 정반대로
compensate forB2to make up for something bad or lacking보상, 보완, 보충하다, 상쇄하다
postulateC2to suggest something as true without proof가정하다, 당연한 것으로 여기다
magnifyB2to increase in importance, exaggerate, to make bigger확대하다, 과장하다
conclusiveB2serving to settle an issue; final결정적인, 확실한
unsophisticatedC1simple and not developed단순한, 순진한
justifiedB2having a good reason정당한
depend onB1to need or rely on someone or something의지하다
substantiateC1to establish by evidence, prove; to give concrete or substantial form to증명하다
successivelyC1one after the other연속적으로, 잇따라서
pervasiveC1spreading widely through every part널리 퍼져있는
strenuousC1requiring great effort(일이나 행위가) 힘이 많이 드는, 격렬한
sleekB2smooth, glossy, and well-shaped(머리칼)매끄러운, 윤기있는, 단정한, 번드르르한
invokeC1to call on a higher power; to refer to something as support기원하다, 호소하다
conjunctionB2the joining of two things together결합, 연결, 동시발생
astoundinglyC1in a way that causes great surprise몹시 놀랍게도
aftermathC1the situation that follows a bad event여파, 결과
promptlyB2without delay신속하게, 정확하게
subdueC1to bring under control by force정복하다, 복종시키다, (분노)억제하다
extantC2still existing; not exterminated, destroyed, or lost현존하는, 남아있는
eliminateB2to get rid of or do away with제거하다, 없애다
perfectB1to make something as good as it can be완벽하다, 완벽하게 하다, 개선하다
unrivaledC1better than any other of its kind독보적, 비할 데 없는
paradoxC1a self-contradictory statement that on closer examination proves true; a person or thing with seemingly contradictory qualities모순된 말, 앞 뒤가 일치하지 않음
ascendC1to move upward오르다, 승진하다
contourC1the outline of a shape or surface윤곽, 외형
inhabitB2to live in a place살다, 거주하다
irrevocablyC2in a way that cannot be changed back돌이킬 수 없게
superficiallyC1in a way that considers only the surface표면적으로는, 피상적으로는
stuntedC1prevented from growing to full size발달이 저해된, 성장을 멈춘
malleableC2capable of being formed into different shapes; capable of being altered, adapted, or influenced두들겨 펼 수 있는, 융통성있는, 변형이 잘 되는
matureB2to bring to or reach full development or growth성숙해지다, 익은, 성숙한, 심사숙고한
encroachmentC2gradual intrusion into someone else's area or rights침입, 침해, 잠식, 침략물
no wonderB2used to say something is not surprising놀랄 일이 아닌, 어쩐지
virtuallyB2almost completely사실상, 거의
grow accustomed toB2to become used to something over time~에 익숙해지다
implausibleC1difficult to believe믿기 어려운
heterogeneousC2composed of different kinds, diverse잡다한, 혼성의
conspicuousC1easily seen and attracting attention뚜렷한
fluctuationC1an irregular rise and fall in amount변동
evaluateB2to judge the value or quality of something평가하다
comprehensiveB2including everything necessary종합적인
engraveC1to cut letters or designs into a hard surface새기다
obsession withB2an inability to stop thinking about something~에 대한 집착
supplantC2to take the place of, supersede대체하다
colossalC1amazingly large, great, or powerful in size or degree거대한, 엄청난
mechanicsB2the practical details of how something works방법, 기계학
susceptible toC1easily affected or harmed by something~에 걸리기 쉬운,영향 받기 쉬운
emanateC1to come out from a source(향기, 빛 등이) 나다, 발하다
conventionallyC1in the way that is usual or traditional관례적으로
expansiveC1covering a wide area넓은, 광대한
sporadicallyC1occasionally and irregularly이따금씩
comparativeB2measured by comparing with something else상대적인
stamp outC1to put an end to something completely근절하다 (다시 살아날 수 없도록 아주 뿌리째 없애 버리다)
stagnationC1a lack of growth or movement침체 (어떤 현상이나 사물이 진전하지 못하고 제자리에 머무름)
obsoleteC1out-of-date, no longer in use쓸모없게 된
specifyB2to state something clearly and exactly명시하다
conceivableC1possible to imagine생각할 수 있는
sufficientlyB2enough for a purpose충분히
entailC1(v.) to put a burden on, impose, involve; to restrict ownership of property by limiting inheritance; (n.) such a restriction(필연적으로) 수반하다, 일으키다, 필요로 하다
depictC1to portray; to represent or show in the form of a picture묘사하다
integrationB2the combining of parts into a whole통합
captureB1to grab and hold onto; to hold the attention of붙잡다
elaboratelyC1in a way that involves many careful details정교하게
autonomousC1acting independently and having self-government자율적인
boomB2to grow or increase rapidly갑자기 번창하다
supremacyC1the state of being the most powerful우위 (남보다 나은 위치나 수준)
ravageC1to destroy, lay waste, ruin파괴하다
plugB1to fill a hole; a device for making an electrical connection메우다, 채우다
discrepancyC1a difference; a lack of agreement불일치
elucidateC2to clarify, explain(명료하게) 설명하다
simultaneousB2happening or existing at the same time동시의
conjectureC2an opinion formed without firm evidence추측
vowB2a solemn or sacred promise or pledge서약, 맹세
revealB2to make something known that was hidden밝히다, 드러내다
correspondinglyC1in a way that matches something else그에 상응하여
manifestationC1a sign that shows something exists징후 (겉으로 나타나는 낌새)
abstainC1to stay away from doing something by one's own choice삼가다
acquitC1to declare not guilty, free from blame, discharge completely; to conduct or behave oneself무죄를 선고하다
affluenceC1wealth, riches, prosperity; great abundance, plenty풍요
ambleC1to walk slowly, stroll느긋하게 걷다
amiableC1friendly, good-natured상냥한
appendC1to attach, add, or tack on as a supplement or extra item덧붙이다
assailantC1a person who attacks violently (with blows or words)공격자
atrocityC1an extremely wicked, brutal, or cruel act; something very bad or unpleasant잔학 행위
balkC1to stop short and refuse to go on; to refuse abruptly; to prevent from happening주춤하다, 거부하다
barrageC1a rapid, large-scale outpouring of something연발, 집중포화
befuddleC1to confuse, make stupid혼란스럽게 하다
berserkC1violently and destructively enraged광란의
besiegeC1to attack by surrounding with military forces; to cause worry or trouble포위하다
bigotC1an intolerant, prejudiced, or biased person편협한 사람
billowC1a large wave물결치다
blightC1a disease that causes plants to wither and die; a condition of disease or ruin망치다, 병충해
boisterousC1rough and noisy in a cheerful way; high-spirited떠들썩한
bumblingC1blundering and awkward서투른
bungleC1to act or work clumsily and awkwardly; to ruin something through clumsiness서투르게 하다
burlyC1big and strong; muscular건장한
celestialC1having to do with the sky or heavens; heavenly; yielding great bliss or happiness천상의
compliantC1willing to do what someone else wants; obedient순응하는
conferC1to consult, talk over, exchange opinions; to present as a gift, favor, or honor수여하다, 협의하다
confiscateC1to seize by authority; to take and keep압수하다
dawdleC1to waste time; to be idle; to spend more time in doing something than is necessary꾸물거리다
deludeC1to fool, deceive; to mislead utterly속이다
delugeC1a great flood; a heavy fall of rain; anything that comes in a vast quantity (like a flood)폭우, 쇄도
denounceC1to condemn openly; to accuse formally비난하다, 고발하다
detractC1to take away from; reduce in value or reputation떨어뜨리다, 손상시키다
discreditC1to throw doubt upon, cause to be distrusted; to damage in reputation신용을 떨어뜨리다
discretionC1good judgment; care in speech and action; freedom to judge or choose재량, 신중함
disinterestedC1fair-minded, free from selfish motives; indifferent사심 없는
disquietingC1causing uneasiness or worry불안하게 하는
dissectC1to cut apart in preparation for scientific study; to analyze with great care해부하다
doggedC1persistent, stubbornly determined, refusing to give up끈질긴
douseC1to plunge into a liquid, drench; to put out quickly, extinguish흠뻑 적시다, 끄다
dumbfoundedC1so amazed that one is unable to speak, bewildered말문이 막힌
earmarkC1to set aside for a particular purpose; a mark of ownership배정하다
elusiveC1difficult to catch or to hold; hard to explain or understand파악하기 어려운
enumerateC1to count; to name one by one, list열거하다
expresslyC1plainly, in so many words; for a particular purpose명백히, 특별히
extortC1to obtain by violence, misuse of authority, or threats갈취하다
far-fetchedC1strained or improbable (in the sense of not being logical or believable), going far afield from a topic억지스러운
fidelityC1the state of being faithful; accuracy in details, exactness충실도, 충실함
foilC1to defeat; to keep from gaining some end저지하다, 호일
forsakeC1to give up, renounce; to leave, abandon버리다
gainfulC1profitable; bringing in money or some special advantage수익이 있는
gloatC1to look at or think about with great intensity and satisfaction; to take great personal joy in고소해하다
glumC1depressed, gloomy침울한
goryC1marked by bloodshed, slaughter, or violence피투성이의
gullibleC1easily fooled, tricked, or cheated잘 속는
headstrongC1willful, stubborn고집 센
hypocriteC1a person who pretends to be what he or she is not or better than he or she really is; a two-faced person위선자
illicitC1not permitted, unlawful, improper불법의
impassableC1blocked so that nothing can go through통행할 수 없는
incalculableC1too great to be counted; unpredictable, uncertain헤아릴 수 없는
indisputableC1beyond question or argument, definitely true논쟁의 여지가 없는
ineptC1totally without skill or appropriateness서투른
inflammatoryC1causing excitement or anger; leading to unrest, violence, or disorder선동적인, 염증성의
ingrainedC1fixed deeply and firmly; working into the grain or fiber; forming a part of the inmost being뿌리 깊은
ingratitudeC1a lack of thankfulness배은망덕
irkC1to annoy, trouble, make weary짜증나게 하다
jovialC1good-humored, in high spirits; merry쾌활한
keepsakeC1something kept in memory of the giver; a souvenir기념품
leewayC1extra space for moving along a certain route; allowance for mistakes or inaccuracies; margin of error여지
libelC1(n.) a written statement that unfairly or falsely harms the reputation of the person about whom it is made; (v.) to write or publish such a statement명예 훼손
limberC1flexible유연한
mangleC1to injure very seriously by cutting, tearing, crushing, etc.; to bring to ruin짓이기다, 심하게 훼손하다
martialC1warlike, fond of fighting; relating to war, the army, or military life군사의, 호전적인
mementoC1something that serves as a reminder기념품, 유품
memorandumC1a note to aid one's memory; an informal note or report비망록, 메모
misgivingC1a feeling of fear, doubt, or uncertainty불안, 의구심
misrepresentC1to give a false or untrue idea왜곡하다, 잘못 전하다
nonconformistC1a person who refuses to follow established ideas or ways of doing things비순응자, 인습에 얽매이지 않는
oracleC1someone or something that can predict the future; someone who gives astute answers or advice that seems authoritative신탁, 예언자
ovationC1an enthusiastic public welcome, an outburst of applause열렬한 박수갈채
pacifistC1one who is against war or the use of violence평화주의자
pacifyC1to make peaceful or calm; to soothe진정시키다, 달래다
pantomimeC1(n.) a play or story performed without words by actors using only gestures; (v.) to express in this way무언극; 몸짓으로 표현하다
parodyC1a humorous or ridiculous imitation풍자적 모방, 패러디
plightC1a sorry condition or state곤경, 궁지
prowlC1to roam about stealthily in search of something배회하다, 어슬렁거리며 찾다
pryC1to pull loose by force; to look at closely or inquisitively; to be nosy about something비틀어 열다; 캐묻다
ravenousC1greedy; very hungry; eager for satisfaction굶주린, 탐욕스러운
recitationC1a reading in public of something that is memorized; a memorized poem or piece of prose that is read aloud암송, 낭독
refurbishC1to brighten, freshen, or polish; to restore or improve새로 단장하다, 개조하다
remorseC1deep and painful regret for one's past misdeeds; pangs of conscience깊은 후회, 자책
rendezvousC1to meet in accordance with a plan약속 장소에서 만나다, 만남
repentC1to feel sorry for what one has done or has failed to do뉘우치다, 회개하다
retaliateC1to get revenge; to strike back for an injury보복하다, 앙갚음하다
ruffleC1to wrinkle, make uneven; to annoy, upset; to flip through헝클다; 심기를 건드리다
rummageC1to search through, investigate the contents of뒤지다, 샅샅이 찾다
saunterC1to stroll; walk in an easy, leisurely way한가로이 거닐다
scantC1not enough; barely enough; marked by a small or insufficient amount부족한, 간신히 되는
scourC1to clean or polish by hard rubbing; to examine with great care; to move about quickly in search of문질러 닦다; 샅샅이 뒤지다
shamC1fake, not genuine가짜의, 위선
sheepishC1embarrassed; resembling a sheep in meekness, timid쑥스러워하는, 겸연쩍은
skimpC1to save, be thrifty; to be extremely sparing with; to give little attention or effort to인색하게 굴다, 아끼다
submissiveC1humbly obedient; tending to give in to authority, obeying without protest순종적인, 고분고분한
sulkyC1in a bad or nasty mood, resentful; gloomy뾰로통한, 부루퉁한
synopsisC1a brief statement giving a general view of some subject, book, etc.; a summary개요, 줄거리
tallyC1to count up; to keep score; to make entries for reckoning; to correspond or agree집계하다; 일치하다
tautC1tightly drawn, tense; neat, in good order팽팽한, 긴장된
testimonialC1a statement that speaks to a person's character or to the benefits of a product; expressing the value and worth of someone or something추천의 글, 증언
unscrupulousC1dishonest; not guided or controlled by moral principles비양심적인, 부도덕한
upheavalC1a sudden, violent upward movement; great disorder or radical change격변, 대변동
valiantC1possessing or acting with bravery or boldness용맹한, 용감한
vergeC1the point at which something begins or happens; a border직전, 가장자리
vocationC1any trade, profession, or occupation; a sense of fitness or special calling for one's work천직, 직업
wistfulC1full of melancholy yearning or longing, sad, pensive아쉬운 듯한, 그리워하는
writheC1to make twisting or turning movements in a way that suggests pain or struggle몸부림치다, 뒤틀다
afflictionC1a physical ailment; a cause of pain or trouble, misfortune고통, 질환
agitationC1a violent stirring or movement; noisy confusion, excitement; a stirring up of public enthusiasm동요, 선동
ajarC1partly open조금 열린
akinC1related by blood; having similar qualities or character유사한
bellowC1to make a sound similar to that of a bull, roar고함치다
beneficiaryC1one who benefits from something; a person who is left money or other property in a will or the like수혜자
blurtC1to say suddenly or without thinking불쑥 내뱉다
botchC1to repair or patch poorly; make a mess of망치다
brawlC1a noisy quarrel or fight난투
broodC1a family of young animals, especially birds; any group having the same nature and origin곱씹다, 한 배 새끼
cacheC1a hiding place; something hidden or stored은닉처, 저장소
capsizeC1to turn bottom side up, upset전복되다
clamorC1a public outcry; any loud and continued noise아우성치다
consolidateC1to combine, unite; to make solid or firm통합하다, 강화하다
cosmopolitanC1found in most parts of the world; having many fields of interest; of worldwide scope; sophisticated국제적인
culminateC1to reach a high point of development; to end, climax절정에 달하다
detestC1to hate, dislike very much, loathe몹시 싫어하다
dilapidatedC1falling apart or ruined, run-down황폐한
disheartenC1to discourage낙담시키다
dissuadeC1to persuade not to do something단념시키다
docileC1easily taught, led, or managed; obedient고분고분한
dupeC1a person easily tricked or deceived속이다
embezzleC1to steal property entrusted to one's care횡령하다
emblemC1a symbol, sign, token상징
evictC1to force out from a property, eject쫓아내다
fallibleC1capable of being wrong, mistaken, or inaccurate오류를 범할 수 있는
farceC1a play filled with ridiculous or absurd happenings; broad or far-fetched humor; a ridiculous sham소극, 웃음거리
feudC1a bitter, long-term quarrel불화
fickleC1liable to change very rapidly, erratic; marked by a lack of constancy or steadiness, inconsistent변덕스러운
fledglingC1an inexperienced person, beginner; a young bird about to leave the nest신출내기의
flounderC1to thrash about in a clumsy or ineffective way허둥대다
flusterC1to make or become confused, agitated, or nervous당황하게 하다
futileC1not successful, failing to have any result; useless; unimportant, frivolous헛된
gaudyC1flashy, showy; not in good taste야한, 화려한
germinateC1to begin to grow, come into being발아하다
gruelingC1very tiring, calling for an extreme effort녹초로 만드는
gruesomeC1horrible, revolting, ghastly소름 끼치는
haggleC1to argue in a petty way, especially about a price흥정하다
hardyC1able to bear up under difficult conditions or harsh treatment; brave and tough강건한
hearthC1the floor of a fireplace; the fireside as a symbol of the home and family난롯가
heartrendingC1causing mental pain or grief가슴 아픈
hurtleC1to rush violently, dash headlong; to fling or hurl forcefully돌진하다
impartialC1just, unbiased, fair, not taking sides공정한
impostorC1a swindler, deceiver; one who uses a false name or character in order to cheat사기꾼
indignantC1filled with resentment or anger over something unjust, unworthy, or mean분개한
inflammableC1easily set on fire; easily angered or aroused가연성의
insinuateC1to suggest or hint slyly; to edge into something indirectly넌지시 말하다
interminableC1endless, so long as to seem endless끝없는
lairC1the home or den of a wild animal; any hideout소굴
lusterC1the quality of giving off light, brightness, glitter광택, 윤기
makeshiftC1a temporary substitute for something else임시변통의, 임시방편
malignantC1deadly, extremely harmful, evil; spiteful, malicious악성의, 극도로 해로운
maulC1to beat or knock about, handle roughly; to mangle거칠게 다루다, 상처를 입히다
melancholyC1sad, gloomy, unhappy우울한, 우울
misdemeanorC1a crime or offense that is less serious than a felony; any minor misbehavior or misconduct경범죄, 비행
morbidC1in an unhealthy mental state, extremely gloomy; caused by or related to disease, unwholesome병적인, 음침한
mortifyC1to hurt someone's feelings deeply; to cause embarrassment or humiliation; to subdue or discipline by self-denial or suffering굴욕감을 주다, 창피를 주다
mullC1to think about, ponder; to grind or mix; to heat and flavor with spices숙고하다, 곰곰이 생각하다
nomadicC1wandering, moving about from place to place유목의, 방랑하는
onslaughtC1a violent attack; a sudden rush of something맹공격, 쇄도
oppressC1to govern or rule cruelly or unjustly; to weigh heavily upon억압하다, 탄압하다
orthodoxC1in agreement with established or generally accepted beliefs or ways of doing things정통의, 관례적인
outstripC1to get ahead of, do better than, exceed능가하다, 앞지르다
pactC1an agreement, treaty협정, 조약
pamperC1to allow too many privileges, be too generous and easygoing toward응석을 받아주다, 애지중지하다
patronizeC1to give one's business to regularly as a customer; to support, provide financial help; to treat someone as an inferior while making a show of being kind or gracious단골로 이용하다; 잘난 체하며 대하다
peltC1to throw a stream of things; to strike successively; to hurry연달아 던지다, 퍼붓다
pervadeC1to spread throughout널리 퍼지다, 스며들다
poisedC1balanced, suspended; calm, controlled; ready for action침착한; 준비된
procureC1to obtain through special effort; to bring about조달하다, 입수하다
prudentC1cautious, careful, showing good sense신중한, 분별 있는
punyC1of less than normal strength or size; of no importance보잘것없는, 왜소한
quaintC1odd or old-fashioned in a pleasing way; clever, ingenious; skillfully made예스럽고 정취 있는, 기묘한
quenchC1to put out, extinguish, end끄다, (갈증을) 해소하다
rantC1to speak wildly and noisily고함치며 말하다, 열변
ratifyC1to approve, give formal approval to, confirm비준하다, 승인하다
regalC1royal, kinglike; fit for a king제왕의, 위풍당당한
riteC1a ceremony; the customary form of a ceremony; any formal custom or practice의식, 관례
sagaC1a narrative of heroic exploits; a long, detailed account무용담, 장편 이야기
scurryC1to run quickly, scamper, hurry종종걸음으로 달리다
seclusionC1isolation from others, solitude은둔, 격리
seetheC1to boil or foam; to be excited or disturbed부글부글 끓다, 격분하다
singeC1to burn slightly그슬리다, 살짝 태우다
snareC1to trap, catch덫으로 잡다, 올가미
soddenC1soaked with liquid or moisture; expressionless, dull; spiritless, listless흠뻑 젖은; 생기 없는
stalemateC1a situation in which further action by either of two opponents is impossible교착 상태
stifleC1to smother, prevent from breathing; to hold back or choke off숨 막히게 하다; 억누르다
sullenC1silent or brooding because of ill humor, anger, or resentment; slow moving, sluggish시무룩한, 뚱한
tactfulC1skilled in handling difficult situations or people, polite재치 있는, 요령 있는
tamperC1to interfere with; to handle in a secret and improper way함부로 손대다, 조작하다
timidityC1the state of being easily frightened소심함, 겁 많음
unscathedC1wholly unharmed, not injured무사한, 다치지 않은
utmostC1greatest, highest, farthest최대한의, 극도의
vengeanceC1punishment in return for an injury or a wrong; unusual force or violence복수, 앙갚음
vigilantC1wide-awake, alert, watchful경계하는, 방심하지 않는
winceC1to draw back suddenly, as though in pain or fear움찔하다, 움츠리다
wrathC1intense anger격노, 분노
abyssC1a deep or bottomless pit심연
addendumC1a thing that is added; an appendix or addition to a book or written document부록, 추가
aghastC1filled with amazement, disgust, fear, or terror경악한
allotC1to assign or distribute in shares or portions할당하다
aloofC1withdrawn, standing apart from others by choice쌀쌀맞은, 거리를 두는
amassC1to bring together, collect, gather, especially for oneself; to come together, assemble축적하다
anguishC1great mental suffering, distress, or pain고뇌
anticsC1ridiculous and unpredictable behavior or actions익살, 기이한 행동
apparitionC1a ghost or ghostly figure; an unexplained or unusual appearance유령
appeaseC1to make calm, soothe; to relieve, satisfy; to yield to달래다
aptC1suitable, fitting, likely; quick to learn적절한, ~하기 쉬운
covetC1to desire something belonging to another탐내다
crestfallenC1discouraged, dejected, downcast풀이 죽은
cursoryC1hasty, not thorough대충의
decorumC1proper behavior, good taste; orderliness예의범절
decrepitC1old and feeble; worn-out, ruined노후한
defamationC1slander or libel명예 훼손
deftC1skillful, nimble능숙한
derideC1to ridicule, laugh at with contempt조롱하다
destituteC1deprived of the necessities of life; lacking in빈곤한
disheveledC1rumpled, mussed; hanging in disorder헝클어진
disparageC1to belittle, speak slightingly of; to undervalue폄하하다
disreputableC1not respectable, not esteemed평판이 나쁜
dissonantC1not in harmony; disagreeing, at odds불협화음의
duressC1compulsion by threat; forcible confinement강압
edictC1an order issued by someone in authority포고령
elatedC1in high spirits, jubilant; extremely pleased의기양양한
emaciatedC1unnaturally thin수척한
endemicC1native or confined to a particular region or people고유의, 풍토성의
exemplaryC1worthy of imitation, commendable; serving as a model모범적인
exhilarateC1to enliven, cheer, give spirit or liveliness to기분을 들뜨게 하다
exponentC1one who advocates, speaks for, explains, or interprets; (math) the power to which a number, symbol, or expression is to be raised주창자, 지수
exuberantC1high-spirited, enthusiastic, unrestrained; excessive, abundant활기 넘치는
facsimileC1an exact copy복제, 팩스
fathomC1to understand, get to the bottom of; to determine the depth of헤아리다
fortitudeC1courage in facing difficulties불굴의 용기
gapeC1to stare with open mouth; to open the mouth wide입을 벌리고 보다
gnarledC1knotted, twisted, lumpy울퉁불퉁한
grimaceC1a wry face, facial distortion얼굴을 찡그리다
guiseC1an external appearance, cover, mask겉모습
holocaustC1a large-scale destruction, especially by fire; the Holocaust : the massacre of civilians, especially Jewish people, by the Nazis during World War II in Europe대학살
implicateC1to involve in; to connect with or be related to연루시키다
indelibleC1not able to be erased or removed; memorable지울 수 없는
indemnityC1a payment for damage or loss배상
indomitableC1unconquerable, refusing to yield불굴의
indulgentC1yielding to the wishes or demands of others너그러운
infallibleC1free from error; absolutely dependable절대 틀리지 않는
infinitesimalC1so small as to be almost immeasurable; minute극미한
officiateC1to perform the duties of an office; to conduct a religious ceremony; to referee직무를 수행하다, 주재하다
orationC1a public speech for a formal occasion연설
ordainC1to establish by law; to order or command; to appoint as a priest or minister; to destine제정하다; 성직에 임명하다
overtureC1an opening move toward negotiation or action; a proposal or offer; an introductory section or part제안, 교섭 개시; 서곡
parchC1to make dry and thirsty; to shrivel with heat바싹 마르게 하다
peevishC1cross, complaining, irritable; contrary짜증을 잘 내는, 심술궂은
perjuryC1the act of swearing to a lie위증
piecemealC1one piece at a time조금씩, 단편적으로
quibbleC1to evade or belittle a point by twisting words or raising minor objections트집을 잡다, 억지를 부리다
shirkC1to avoid or get out of doing work, neglect a duty; to sneak, slink회피하다, 게을리하다
vanquishC1to defeat in a battle or contest, overthrow; to overcome a feeling or condition정복하다, 이겨내다
vindictiveC1bearing a grudge, feeling or showing a strong tendency toward revenge앙심을 품은, 보복적인
waywardC1disobedient, willful; unpredictable, capricious제멋대로인, 고집 센
alibiC1a claim of having been elsewhere when a crime was committed; a reason given to explain something알리바이, 현장 부재 증명
blemishC1a mark or stain that damages the appearance of something; a weakness or flaw흠, 결점
bluffC1direct and outspoken in a good-natured way솔직하고 무뚝뚝한
confederateC1A person, state, or country that joins with another for a common purpose; a partner in crime동맹자, 공범
dazeC1to stun or confuse멍하게 하다
downfallC1a sudden fall from power or position; a sudden, heavy snow or rain몰락, 파멸
flimsyC1not strong or solid; poorly made; not convincing엉성한, 조잡한; 설득력 없는
foeC1one who hates or tries to harm another; an enemy적, 원수
havenC1a safe place안식처, 피난처
industriousC1busy, working steadily근면한, 부지런한
joltC1to shake up roughly; to move along in a jerky or bumpy fashion.덜컹거리다, 충격을 주다
mammothC1a very large, long-tusked, shaggy-haired elephant that is now extinct매머드; 거대한
mishapC1an unfortunate but minor accident작은 사고, 불운
mutinyC1an open rebellion against authority반란, 폭동
nestleC1to settle down comfortably; to hold lovingly포근히 자리 잡다, 껴안다
nomadC1a member of a people who move from place to place; a person who roams aimlessly유목민
pitilessC1showing no sorrow or regret for another's suffering or troubles무자비한, 냉혹한
presentableC1fit to be seen or inspected남 앞에 내놓을 만한, 볼 만한
rowdyC1rough and disorderly소란스러운, 난폭한
scorchC1to burn on the surface; to dry out with heat그슬리다, 태우다
scuffleC1to fight or struggle closely with몸싸움하다, 실랑이
shrewdC1showing clever judgement and practical understanding기민한, 빈틈없는
sprawlC1to lie or sit with arms and legs spread out; to spread out in a disorderly way팔다리를 뻗다; 제멋대로 뻗다
spurtC1to shoot out quickly in a stream; to show a burst of energy뿜어져 나오다; 분출
straggleC1to stray off or trail behind; to spread out in a scattered fashion낙오하다, 흩어져 나아가다
subsideC1to become less intense, violent, or severe가라앉다, 진정되다
swindleC1to cheat out of money or property사취하다, 사기 치다
tartC1having a sharp or sour taste; sharp in manner or tone시큼한; 신랄한
thriftyC1careful about spending money; tending to save money; managing money well알뜰한, 검소한
treacherousC1likely to betray; seemingly safe but actually dangerous.배신하는; 위험한
trifleC1something of little importance; a small amount하찮은 것, 소량
undoingC1a bringing to ruin or destruction; the cause of ruin; unfastening or loosening파멸, 파멸의 원인
abashedC1embarrassed, ashamed, or nonplussed당황한, 부끄러운
abdicateC1to resign, formally give up an office or a duty; to disown, discard퇴위하다, 포기하다
adageC1a proverb, wise saying격언, 속담
annulC1to reduce to nothing; to make ineffective or inoperative; to declare legally invalid or void무효화하다, 취소하다
armisticeC1a temporary peace, halt in fighting휴전, 정전
avowedC1declared openly and without shame, acknowledged공언한, 스스로 인정한
bonanzaC1a rich mass of ore in a mine; something very valuable, profitable, or rewarding; a source of wealth or prosperity; a very large amount; sudden profit or gain노다지, 뜻밖의 횡재
calamitousC1causing great misfortune재앙을 초래하는, 비참한
citadelC1a fortress that overlooks and protects a city; any strong or commanding place요새, 성채
cronyC1a very close friend, chum, buddy절친한 친구, 패거리
defileC1to make unclean or dirty, destroy the purity of더럽히다, 훼손하다
discordantC1disagreeable in sound, jarring; lacking in harmony불협화음의, 조화롭지 못한
dovetailC1to fit together exactly; to connect so as to form a whole꼭 들어맞다, 맞물리다
enmityC1hatred, ill-will적의, 증오
facetiousC1humorous, not meant seriously우스개의, 익살맞은
glutC1to provide more than is needed or wanted; to feed or fill to the point of overstuffing공급 과잉; 잔뜩 채우다
habituateC1to become used to; to cause to become used to익숙해지게 하다
impunityC1freedom from punishment처벌받지 않음, 면책
judiciousC1using or showing good judgment, wise, sensible분별 있는, 현명한
levityC1a lack of seriousness or earnestness, especially about things that should be treated with respect; buoyancy, lightness in weight경솔함, 가벼움
milieuC1the setting, surroundings, environment환경, 배경
opusC1an impressive piece of work, especially a musical composition or other work of art작품, 작곡 작품
pallidC1pale, lacking color; weak and lifeless창백한, 생기 없는
prodigalC1wastefully extravagant; lavishly or generously abundant낭비하는; 아낌없는
promontoryC1a high point of land extending into water곶, 갑
qualmC1a pang of conscience, uneasiness, misgiving, or doubt; a feeling of faintness or nausea거리낌, 양심의 가책
retentiveC1able to hold, keep, or recall; retaining knowledge easily잘 기억하는, 보유력 있는
rueC1to regret, be sorry for후회하다
ruseC1an action designed to confuse or mislead, a trick책략, 속임수
servileC1of or relating to a slave; behaving like or suitable for a slave or a servant, menial; lacking spirit or independence, abjectly submissive비굴한, 노예 같은
skittishC1extremely nervous and easily frightened; shy or timid; extremely cautious; unstable, undependable겁이 많은, 변덕스러운
solicitousC1showing concern or care; fearful or anxious about someone or something염려하는, 배려하는
stoicalC1self-controlled, not showing feeling in response to pleasure or pain금욕적인, 의연한
tenetC1an opinion, belief, or principle held to be true교리, 신조
trepidationC1fear, fright, trembling두려움, 불안
venerateC1to regard with reverence, look up to with great respect존경하다, 숭배하다
veritableC1actual, true, real진정한, 그야말로
vilifyC1to abuse or belittle unjustly or maliciously비방하다, 헐뜯다
wrangleC1to quarrel or argue in a noisy, angry way; to obtain by argument; to herd언쟁하다, 다투다
adieuC1a farewell작별 인사
boorishC1rude, unrefined; clumsy무례한, 상스러운
chideC1to blame; scold꾸짖다, 나무라다
circumspectC1careful, cautious신중한, 조심스러운
defrayC1to pay for비용을 부담하다
dolefulC1sad; dreary구슬픈, 애처로운
embroilC1to involve in a conflict or difficulty휘말리게 하다
exorciseC1to drive out; to dispose of something troublesome, menacing, or oppressive쫓아내다, 몰아내다
garbleC1to distort in such a way as to make unintelligible알아들을 수 없게 왜곡하다
glibC1ready and fluent in speech; thoughtless, insincere말만 번지르르한
harangueC1a loud speech장황한 열변
liberalityC1generosity, generous act; breadth of mind or outlook너그러움, 관대함
obviateC1to anticipate and prevent; to remove, dispose of미연에 방지하다, 없애다
officiousC1meddling; excessively forward in offering services or assuming authority참견하기 좋아하는
panaceaC1a remedy for all ills; an answer to all problems만병통치약, 만능 해결책
parsimoniousC1stingy, miserly; meager, poor, small인색한, 극도로 아끼는
platitudeC1a commonplace, stale, or trite remark진부한 말
quintessenceC1the purest essence or form of something정수, 전형
rancorC1bitter resentment or ill-will원한, 앙심
recalcitrantC1stubbornly disobedient, resisting authority반항적인, 말을 안 듣는
redressC1relief from wrong or injury시정, 배상
reposeC1relaxation, peace of mind, calmness휴식, 평온
rescindC1to repeal, cancel철회하다, 무효로 하다
sinuousC1winding, having many curves; lithe and flexible구불구불한; 유연한
sojournC1a temporary stay체류, 머무름
sonorousC1full, deep, or rich in sound; impressive in style울림이 좋은, 낭랑한
superciliousC1proud and contemptuous; showing scorn because of a feeling of superiority거만한, 남을 얕보는
temerityC1rashness, boldness무모함, 뻔뻔함
vociferousC1loud and noisy; compelling attention떠들썩한, 목청 높은
whetC1to sharpen, put an edge on; to make keen or eager갈다; (욕구를) 돋우다
abateC1to make less in amount, degree, etc.; to subside, become less; to nullify; to deduct, omit줄어들다, 약해지다
abetC1to encourage, assist, aid, support (especially in something wrong or unworthy)방조하다, 부추기다
absolveC1to clear from blame, responsibility, or guilt면제하다, 사면하다
adamantC1firm in purpose or opinion, unyielding, obdurate, implacable, inflexible단호한, 요지부동의
affableC1courteous and pleasant, sociable, easy to speak to상냥한, 붙임성 있는
ameliorateC1to improve, make better, correct a flaw or shortcoming개선하다, 나아지게 하다
amenableC1willing to follow advice or authority, tractable, submissive; responsive; liable to be held responsible순응하는, 따르기 쉬운
amnestyC1a general pardon for an offense against a government; in general, any act of forgiveness or absolution사면, 특사
amorphousC1shapeless, without definite form; of no particular type or character; without organization, unity, or cohesion형태가 없는, 불분명한
annotationC1a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work주석, 주해
anomalousC1abnormal, irregular, departing from the usual이례적인, 변칙적인
archetypeC1an original model on which something was patterned or replicated; the ideal example of a particular type of person or thing원형, 전형
ascribeC1to assign or refer to (as a cause or source), attribute~의 탓으로 돌리다
assuageC1to make easier or milder, relieve; to quiet, calm; to put an end to; appease, satisfy, quench누그러뜨리다, 달래다
auraC1that which surrounds (as an atmosphere); a distinctive air or personal quality분위기, 기운
austereC1severe or stern in manner; without adornment or luxury, simple, plain; harsh or sour in flavor엄격한; 소박한
berateC1to scold sharply호되게 꾸짖다
blatantC1noisy in a coarse, offensive way; obvious or conspicuous, especially in an unfavorable sense노골적인, 뻔뻔한
broachC1to bring up or begin to talk about (a subject); to announce, introduce; to break the surface of the water; to turn sideways to the wind and waves; to pierce (a keg liquid) in order to draw off liquid(화제를) 꺼내다
defunctC1no longer in existence or functioning, dead더 이상 존재하지 않는, 소멸한
depravedC1marked by evil and corruption, devoid of moral principles타락한, 부패한
deprecateC1to express mild disapproval; to belittle못마땅해하다, 깎아내리다
derelictC1someone or something that is abandoned or neglected버려진, 방치된
deviousC1straying or wandering from a straight or direct course우회하는; 부정직한
diatribeC1a bitter and prolonged verbal attack통렬한 비난
disarrayC1disorder, confusion혼란, 무질서
dissidenceC1a difference of opinion반대, 이견
distraughtC1very much agitated or upset as a result of emotion or mental conflict제정신이 아닌, 몹시 상심한
echelonC1one of a series of grades in an organization or field of activity계층, 직급
emulateC1to imitate with the intent of equaling or surpassing the model본받다, 필적하려 애쓰다
esotericC1intended for or understood by only a select few, private, secret비전의, 소수만 아는
espouseC1to take up and support지지하다, 신봉하다
eulogyC1a formal statement of commendation; high praise찬사, 추도사
euphemismC1a mild or inoffensive expression used in place of a harsh or unpleasant one완곡어법
exacerbateC1to make more violent, severe, bitter, or painful악화시키다
façadeC1the front or face of a building건물 정면; 겉모습
fetishC1an object believed to have magical powers숭배물, 주물
figmentC1a fabrication of the mind허구, 지어낸 것
forgoC1to do without, abstain from, give up포기하다, 그만두다
fraughtC1full or loaded with~로 가득한, 걱정스러운
freneticC1frenzied, highly agitated광란의, 정신없이 바쁜
furtiveC1done slyly or stealthily은밀한, 남몰래 하는
gambitC1in chess, an opening move that involves risk or sacrifice of a minor piece in order to gain a later advantage; any opening move of this type선수, 술책
garishC1glaring번쩍거리는, 야한
garnerC1to acquire as the result of effort얻다, 모으다
germaneC1relevant, appropriate, apropos, fitting밀접한 관련이 있는
gleanC1to gather bit by bit조금씩 모으다, 수집하다
gregariousC1living together in a herd or group사교적인; 군집성의
haplessC1marked by a persistent absence of good luck운이 없는, 불운한
impeccableC1faultless, beyond criticism or blame흠잡을 데 없는
inaneC1silly, empty of meaning or value어리석은, 공허한
incarcerateC1to imprison, confine, jail투옥하다, 감금하다
incendiaryC1deliberately setting or causing fires; designed to start fires; tending to stir up strife or rebellion방화의; 선동적인
incongruousC1not in keeping, unsuitable, incompatible어울리지 않는, 부조화한
incumbentC1obligatory, required의무로 지워진; 현직의
indictmentC1the act of accusing; a formal accusation기소, 고발
inexorableC1inflexible, beyond influence; relentless, unyielding멈출 수 없는, 냉혹한
insatiableC1so great or demanding as not to be satisfied만족을 모르는, 탐욕스러운
intransigentC1refusing to compromise, irreconcilable비타협적인, 완고한
irrefutableC1impossible to disprove반박할 수 없는
irreparableC1incapable of being repaired or rectified회복할 수 없는
laconicC1concise, using few words말수가 적은, 간결한
languishC1to become weak, feeble, or dull쇠약해지다, 시들다
loathC1unwilling, reluctant, disinclined꺼리는, 내키지 않는
recantC1to withdraw a statement or belief to which one has previously been committed; renounce, retract철회하다, 취소하다
reconnaissanceC1a survey made for military purposes정찰, 답사
reputedC1according to reputation or general belief~라고 알려진, 소문난
rifeC1common, prevalent, widespread, happening often만연한, 널리 퍼진
sacrilegeC1improper or disrespectful treatment of something held sacred신성 모독
sequesterC1to set apart, separate for a special purpose; to take possession of and hold in custody격리하다, 압류하다
shamblesC1a slaughterhouse; a place of mass bloodshed난장판, 아수라장
stratagemC1a scheme to outwit or deceive an opponent or to gain an end책략, 계략
substantiveC1real, having a solid basis실질적인, 중요한
summarilyC1without delay or formality즉결로, 약식으로
sumptuousC1costly, rich, magnificent호화로운, 값비싼
taciturnC1habitually silent or quiet, inclined to talk very little과묵한, 말수가 적은
tantamountC1equivalent, having the same meaning, value, or effect~에 맞먹는, 다름없는
tenableC1capable of being held or defended방어할 수 있는, 타당한
testyC1easily irritated; characterized by impatience and exasperation성마른, 짜증을 잘 내는
travestyC1grotesque or grossly inferior imitation희화화, 조잡한 모방
unremittingC1not stopping, maintained steadily, never letting up, relentless끊임없는, 부단한
utopianC1founded upon or involving a visionary view of an ideal world; impractical이상향의, 공상적인
vacillateC1to swing indecisively from one idea or course of action to another; to waver in mind or will망설이다, 흔들리다
viscousC1having a gelatinous or gluey quality, lacking in easy movement or fluidity점성이 있는, 끈적한
visionaryC1not practical, lacking in realism; having the nature of a fantasy or dream선견지명이 있는; 공상적인
audibleC1capable of being heard들리는, 들을 수 있는
bashfulC1shy, not at ease, especially in a social setting수줍어하는
brinkC1the edge; especially of a high, steep place가장자리, 직전
claspC1a device that holds parts together; a strong hold걸쇠; 꽉 붙잡다
defiantC1showing strong resistance; willing to challenge or confront반항적인, 저항하는
drearyC1gloomy or dismal; without cheer, comfort, or enthusiasm음울한, 따분한
eloquentC1showing the ability to use words clearly and effectively웅변의, 설득력 있는
fearsomeC1frightening or alarming무시무시한
glistenC1to shine with sparkling light반짝이다, 빛나다
kindleC1to get a fire going; to stir up or start something불을 붙이다; 불러일으키다
meekC1not courageous or strong온순한, 유순한
slumberC1to sleep lightly선잠을 자다, 잠
aberrationC1a departure from what is proper, right, expected, or normal일탈, 이상
abortiveC1failing to accomplish an intended aim or purpose실패로 끝난, 무산된
accoladeC1praise or approval칭찬, 표창
acumenC1keenness of insight; quickness or accuracy of judgment통찰력, 예리함
ad hocC1for this specific purpose; improvised임시의, 즉석의
adjudicateC1to act as judge in a matter; to settle through the use of a judge or legal tribunal판결하다, 재결하다
adjunctC1something added to something else as helpful or useful but not essential; an assistant or helper; a valuable quality or characteristic부속물, 보조적인 것
affinityC1a natural attraction to a person, thing, or activity친화력, 끌림
aficionadoC1an enthusiastic and usually expert follower or fan애호가, 열성 팬
anachronismC1a chronological misplacing of events, objects, customs, or persons in regard to each other시대착오
ancillaryC1subordinate or supplementary보조적인, 부수적인
appriseC1to inform of; to make aware of by giving oral or written notice알리다, 통지하다
asceticC1practicing self-denial for the sake of personal or spiritual discipline금욕적인, 고행자
attritionC1the process of wearing down by friction or gradual impairment소모, 마모
avatarC1an embodiment (as of a concept or philosophy), often in a person화신, 구현
baneC1the source or cause of fatal injury, death, destruction, or ruin; death or ruin itself; poison파멸의 원인, 골칫거리
beguileC1to mislead or deceive현혹하다, 속이다
bickerC1to move, or run rapidly, rush; to flicker, quiver티격태격하다, 다투다
bodeC1to be an omen of; to indicate by signs전조가 되다, 조짐을 보이다
bravadoC1a display of false or assumed courage허세, 객기
browbeatC1to intimidate by a stern or overbearing manner; to bully위협하다, 을러대다
burgeonC1to put forth new buds, leaves, or greenery급성장하다, 싹트다
carte blancheC1full freedom or authority to act at one’s own discretion백지 위임, 전권
cataclysmC1a sudden, violent, or devastating upheaval; a surging flood, deluge대격변, 대재앙
chauvinistC1extravagantly patriotic; blindly devoted to a cause맹목적 애국자, 국수주의자
cognateC1closely related in origin, essential nature, or function동족의, 같은 어원의
commensurateC1equal in size, extent, duration, or importance; proportionate; measurable by the same standards상응하는, 비례하는
condescendC1to come down or stoop voluntarily to a lower level잘난 체하다; 낮추어 대하다
convolutionC1a rolling up, coiling, or twisting together뒤얽힘, 회선
corollaryC1a proposition that follows from one already proven; a natural consequence or result필연적 결과, 따름 정리
cul-de-sacC1a blind alley or dead-end street막다른 길
cullC1to pick out or select골라내다, 추려내다
dankC1unpleasantly damp or wet축축하고 냉랭한
de factoC1actually existing or in effect, although not legally required or sanctioned사실상의
debilitateC1to make weak or feeble쇠약하게 하다
dichotomyC1a division into two contradictory or mutually exclusive parts; a branching or forking in an ancestral line이분법, 양분
dictumC1an authoritative statement격언, 공식 견해
didacticC1intended to instruct, especially morally교훈적인, 설교조의
disingenuousC1lacking in sincerity or candor솔직하지 못한, 음흉한
disparateC1completely distinct or different; entirely dissimilar이질적인, 전혀 다른
dogmaticC1certain of the truth of one’s own ideas; inclined to state opinions as if they were indisputable facts독단적인, 교조적인
effusiveC1highly demonstrative; unrestrained넘칠 듯한, 감정을 드러내는
elixirC1a potion once thought capable of curing all ills and maintaining life indefinitely; a panacea묘약, 만병통치약
enclaveC1an enclosed district, region, or area inhabited by a particular group of people or having a special character고립 지역, 거주 구역
euphoriaC1a feeling of great happiness or well-being, often with no objective basis행복감, 도취감
expoundC1to explain in detail상세히 설명하다
faux pasC1a slip in manners or conduct; a social blunder실례, 결례
flamboyantC1highly elaborate or ornate; vividly colored, strikingly brilliant or bold화려한, 이목을 끄는
forayC1a quick raid, especially for plunder급습, 습격; 진출
forteC1a person's strong point; what a person does best장기, 강점
gamutC1an entire range or series전 범위, 전 영역
gargantuanC1of immense size, volume, or capacity; enormous, prodigious거대한, 엄청난
gothicC1characterized by or emphasizing a gloomy setting and grotesque or violent events; such a literary or artistic style고딕풍의, 음산한
gratisC1free무료의, 공짜로
harbingerC1a forerunner, herald전조, 선구자
hedonismC1the belief that the attainment of pleasure is life’s chief aim; devotion to or pursuit of pleasure쾌락주의
imbueC1to soak or stain thoroughly; to fill the mind가득 채우다, 불어넣다
immaculateC1spotless흠 하나 없는, 티끌 없는
impasseC1a dead end; a position from which there is no escape교착 상태, 난국
imperceptibleC1extremely slight감지할 수 없는, 미미한
impingeC1to strike against or collide with violently부딪치다; 침해하다
kudosC1the acclaim, prestige, or renown that comes as a result of some action or achievement영예, 명성
labyrinthC1a bewildering maze미로, 미궁
lacklusterC1lacking brilliance or vitality; dull활기 없는, 빛을 잃은
laissez-faireC1a philosophy or practice characterized by a usually deliberate abstention from direction or interference, especially with individual freedom of choice and action자유방임주의
lampoonC1a malicious satire풍자문, 풍자하다
lexiconC1a dictionary of a language; the special vocabulary of a person, group, or subject어휘 목록, 사전
malcontentC1discontented with or in open defiance of prevailing conditions불평분자
matrixC1a mold기반, 모체; 행렬
meleeC1a confused struggle; a violent free-for-all; a tumultuous mingling난투, 혼전
mercurialC1characterized by rapid and unpredictable changes of mood; fickle or inconstant변덕스러운
microcosmC1a miniature world or universe; a group or system viewed as the model of a larger group or system소우주, 축소판
minusculeC1very small, tiny아주 작은, 미세한
mnemonicC1relating to or designed to assist the memory기억을 돕는
monolithicC1characterized by massiveness, solidness, and total uniformity거대하고 획일적인
morassC1a patch of low, soft, wet ground; a swamp늪; 곤경
mystiqueC1an aura or attitude of mystery or veneration surrounding something or someone신비감, 매력
narcissismC1excessive self-love; absorption in oneself자기애, 나르시시즘
nemesisC1an agent or force inflicting vengeance or punishment; retribution itself; an unbeatable rival천적, 응징자
nepotismC1undue favoritism to or excessive patronage of one’s relatives족벌주의, 친족 등용
nihilismC1a total rejection of existing laws; extreme radicalism허무주의
noxiousC1harmful to physical health or morals유독한, 해로운
obfuscateC1to darken or obscure모호하게 하다, 혼란시키다
opportunistC1one who makes a practice of taking advantage of circumstances to further his or her own self-interest, regardless of principles or ultimate consequences기회주의자
panderC1to cater to or provide satisfaction for the low tastes or vices of others영합하다, 비위를 맞추다
paternalismC1the policy or practice of treating or governing people in the manner of a father dealing with his children온정주의, 가부장적 태도
patricianC1a member of the ruling class; a person of high rank귀족, 상류층의
penultimateC1next to the last끝에서 두 번째의
personaC1a character in a novel or play; the outward character or role that a person assumes페르소나, 겉으로 드러난 인격
philistineC1lacking in, hostile to, or smugly indifferent to cultural and artistic values or refinements교양 없는 속물
polarizeC1to cause to concentrate around two conflicting or contrasting positions양극화하다; 편광시키다
polemicC1an aggressive attack on or refutation of a specific opinion or doctrine논쟁, 반박문
populousC1full of people; filled to capacity인구가 많은
portentousC1foreshadowing an event to come불길한, 심상찮은
protégéC1someone whose welfare, training, or career is under the patronage of an influential person; someone under the jurisdiction of a foreign country or government피후견인, 문하생
punditC1a learned person; one who gives authoritative opinions전문가, 논평가
purviewC1the range, extent, or scope of something권한 범위, 시야
quagmireC1soft, soggy mud or slush수렁; 곤경
quasiC1resembling but not actually being; seemingly but not actually or completely준~, 유사~
queasyC1nauseated or uneasy; causing nausea or uneasiness; troubled메스꺼운, 불안한
quixoticC1extravagantly or romantically idealistic; visionary without regard to practical considerations비현실적으로 이상적인
quizzicalC1puzzled; odd미심쩍은, 의아해하는
refractoryC1stubborn; hard or difficult to manage; not responsive to treatment or cure다루기 힘든; 내화성의
remandC1to send or order back; in law, to send back to jail or to a lower court돌려보내다, 구금하다
resplendentC1shining or gleaming brilliantly; splendid or magnificent눈부신, 화려한
sacrosanctC1very sacred or holy; inviolable; set apart or immune from questioning or attack신성불가침의
sanguineC1having a ruddy complexion낙관적인; 혈색이 좋은
schismC1a formal split within a religious organization분열, 분파
sicC1thus so; intentionally written so원문 그대로
stigmatizeC1to brand or mark as in some way discreditable, disgraceful, or ignominious낙인찍다
sycophantC1someone who attempts to win favors or advance him- or herself by flattery or servile behavior; a slanderer, defamer아첨꾼
systemicC1of or pertaining to the entire body전신의, 체계 전반의
tautologyC1needless repetition of an idea by using different but equivalent words; redundancy동어 반복
touchstoneC1a means of testing worth or genuineness시금석, 기준
truncateC1to shorten by or as if by cutting off, lop잘라 줄이다
vacuousC1devoid of matter, substance, or meaning공허한, 멍한
vassalC1a person under the protection of a feudal lord to whom he or she owes allegiance봉신, 종속국
vendettaC1a prolonged feud, often between two families, characterized by retaliatory acts of revenge숙원, 오랜 반목
vestigeC1a trace or visible evidence of something that once existed but now is lost or vanished흔적, 자취
vignetteC1a short description or sketch; a picture or illustration with edges that gradually shade off; a decorative design on the title page of a book or at the beginning or end of a chapter짧은 묘사, 소품
virtuosoC1a brilliant performer; a person with masterly skill or technique거장, 대가
volitionC1the power to choose, will, or decide; the act of choosing, willing, or deciding의지, 자유 의사
xenophobiaC1undue or unreasonable fear, hatred, or contempt of foreigners or strangers or of what is foreign or strange외국인 혐오
zanyC1clownish or funny in a crazy, bizarre, or ludicrous way익살맞은, 괴짜의
zealotC1a fanatical partisan; an ardent follower광신자, 열성 분자
gallantC1showy in appearance; splendid; brave or full of spirit, showing courtesy; very attentive용감한; 정중한
jubilantC1showing great joy or excitement환희에 찬
smolderC1to burn slowly, with smoke but no flame; to exist in a suppressed state; to show suppressed feelings연기만 내며 타다; 속으로 끓다
zestC1a strong interest or enjoyment열정, 흥미
chastenC2to punish (in order to bring about improvement in behavior, attitude, etc.); to restrain, moderate훈계하다, 벌하여 바로잡다
crotchetyC2cranky, ill-tempered; full of odd whims성마른, 괴팍한
manacleC2a handcuff, anything that chains or confines수갑, 족쇄를 채우다
oafC2a stupid person; a big, clumsy, slow individual얼간이, 멍청이
prevaricateC2to lie, tell an untruth; to mislead on purpose얼버무리다, 거짓말하다
rendC2to tear to pieces; split violently apart갈기갈기 찢다
repastC2a meal, food식사, 음식
rotundC2rounded and plump; full or rich in sound통통한, 둥근
self-seekingC2selfishly ambitious이기적인, 사리사욕을 채우는
slakeC2to satisfy, relieve, or bring to an end갈증을 풀다, 해소하다
strappingC2tall, strong, and healthy건장한, 튼튼한
tarryC2to delay leaving; to linger, wait; to remain or stay for a while꾸물거리다, 머무르다
taskmasterC2one whose job it is to assign work to others; one who uses his or her power to make people work very hard감독자, 혹독하게 부리는 사람
waylayC2to lie in wait for and attack, ambush매복하여 습격하다
braggartC2a boaster허풍쟁이
firebrandC2a piece of burning wood; a troublemaker; an extremely energetic or emotional person선동가, 말썽꾼
hankerC2to long (for), to desire갈망하다, 몹시 바라다
indisposedC2slightly ill; disinclined to do something몸이 편치 않은; 내키지 않는
inimitableC2not capable of being copied or imitated흉내 낼 수 없는, 독보적인
mirthC2merry fun, gaiety; laughter즐거움, 유쾌한 웃음
nubC2the central point or heart of a matter; a knob핵심, 요점
pallC2to lose in interest, attraction, or effectiveness; to become tiresome흥미를 잃게 하다, 시들해지다
sagaciousC2shrewd; wise in a keen, practical way현명한, 통찰력 있는
salvoC2a burst of gunfire or cannon shot, often as a tribute or salute; a sudden burst of anything; a spirited verbal attack일제 사격; 일제히 쏟아지는 것
scrimpC2to handle very economically or stingily; to supply in a way that is small, short, or scanty아끼다, 인색하게 굴다
truculentC2fierce and cruel; agressive; deadly, destructive사나운, 공격적인
unfeignedC2sincere, real, without pretense꾸밈없는, 진심의
venalC2open to or marked by bribery or corruption매수되기 쉬운, 부패한
venialC2easily excused; pardonable용서할 만한, 경미한
volubleC2characterized by a ready flow of words; glib, fluent말이 술술 나오는
wastrelC2a wasteful person, spendthrift; a good-for-nothing낭비하는 사람, 건달
abominateC2to have an intense dislike or hatred of혐오하다
abstemiousC2moderate, sparing (as in eating and drinking); characterized by abstinence and self-discipline절제하는, 소식하는
acculturationC2the modification of the social patterns, traits, or structures of one group or society by contact with those of another; the resultant blend문화 적응, 문화 변용
acrimoniousC2stinging, bitter in temper or tone신랄한, 험악한
adulationC2praise or flattery that is excessive지나친 찬사, 아첨
adventitiousC2resulting from chance rather than from an inherent cause or character; accidental, not essential; (medicine) acquired, not congenital우연한, 부수적인
aggrandizeC2to increase in greatness, power, or wealth; to build up or intensify; to make appear greater확대하다, 과장하다
anathemaC2an object of intense dislike; a curse or strong denunciation (often used adjectivally without the article)몹시 싫은 것, 저주
aplombC2poise, assurance, great self-confidence; perpendicularity침착함, 태연자약
approbationC2the expression of approval or favorable opinion, praise; official approval승인, 인정
aspersionC2a damaging or derogatory statement; the act of slandering or defaming중상, 비방
avariceC2a greedy desire, particularly for wealth탐욕, 물욕
averC2to affirm, declare confidently단언하다
axiomaticC2self-evident, expressing a universally accepted principle자명한
bedlamC2a state or scene of uproar and confusion아수라장, 대혼란
beneficentC2performing acts of kindness or charity; conferring benefits, doing good자선을 베푸는, 인정 많은
blazonC2to adorn or embellish; to display conspicuously; to publish or proclaim widely과시하다, 널리 알리다
bombasticC2pompous or overblown in language; full of high-sounding words intended to conceal a lack of ideas과장된, 허풍스러운
bovineC2resembling a cow or ox; sluggish, unresponsive소 같은; 둔감한
brouhahaC2a confused hodgepodge of sounds, hubbub; an uproar or commotion that goes far beyond what is justified소동, 야단법석
bulwarkC2a strong defense or protection, a solid wall-like structure for defense방벽, 방어물
cadaverousC2pale, gaunt, resembling a corpse송장 같은, 초췌한
callowC2without experience; immature, not fully developed; lacking sophistication and poise; without feathers미숙한, 풋내기의
carousalC2noisy revelry or merrymaking (often with the suggestion of heavy drinking)흥청망청 술판
censurableC2deserving of blame or correction비난받아 마땅한
cholericC2easily made angry, bad-tempered화를 잘 내는
clangorC2a loud ringing sound쨍그랑거리는 소리
cloyC2to spoil or destroy an appetite by too much indulgence, especially in sweet or rich things; to glut, satiate, surfeit물리게 하다, 질리게 하다
corpulentC2fat; having a large, bulky body비대한, 뚱뚱한
cupidityC2an eager desire for something; greed탐욕
debonairC2pleasant, courteous, lighthearted; smooth and polished in manner and appearance세련되고 쾌활한
denizenC2an inhabitant, resident; one who frequents a place거주자, 서식자
dilatoryC2tending to delay or procrastinate; not prompt; intended to delay or postpone꾸물거리는, 지연시키는
disabuseC2to free from deception or error, set right in ideas or thinking오해를 풀어 주다
disconsolateC2deeply unhappy or dejected; without hope, beyond consolation비탄에 잠긴
discursiveC2passing aimlessly from one place or subject to another, rambling, roving, nomadic산만한, 두서없는
dowdyC2poorly dressed, shabby; lacking smartness and good taste촌스러운, 초라한
drivelC2saliva or mucus flowing from the mouth or nose; foolish, aimless talk or thinking; nonsense헛소리, 시시한 말
dunC2to demand insistently, especially in payment of a debt빚 갚기를 독촉하다
enjoinC2to direct or order; to prescribe a course of action in an authoritative way; to prohibit명하다; 금하다
ennuiC2weariness and dissatisfaction from lack of occupation or interest, boredom권태, 무료함
evanescentC2vanishing, soon passing away; light and airy덧없는, 금세 사라지는
ex officioC2by virtue of holding a certain office직권상의
expatiateC2to expand on, write or talk at length or in detail; to move about freely상세히 논하다
expiateC2to make amends, make up for; to avert속죄하다
expostulateC2to attempt to dissuade someone from some course or decision by earnest reasoning타이르며 만류하다
expurgateC2to remove objectionable passages or words from a written text; to cleanse, purify삭제하다, 검열해 지우다
extenuateC2to lessen the seriousness or magnitude of an offense by making partial excuses정상을 참작하다, 경감하다
filchC2to steal, especially in a sneaky way and in petty amounts슬쩍 훔치다
floridC2highly colored, reddish; excessively ornate, showy불그레한; 화려한
foistC2to impose by fraud; to pass off as worthy or genuine; to bring about by stealth, dishonesty, or coercion억지로 떠안기다
fractiousC2tending to be troublesome; unruly, quarrelsome, contrary; unpredictable다루기 힘든, 불평 많은
gaucheC2awkward, lacking in social graces, tactless, clumsy서투른, 눈치 없는
gauntletC2an armored or protective glove; a challenge; two lines of men armed with weapons with which to beat a person forced to run between them; an ordeal쇠 장갑; 시련
gossamerC2thin, light, delicate, insubstantial아주 얇고 가벼운
herculeanC2(capital H) relating to Hercules; (lowercase h) characterized by great strength; very hard to do in the sense of requiring unusual strength엄청난 힘이 드는
impugnC2to call into question; to attack as false이의를 제기하다, 반박하다
inimicalC2tending to cause harm or obstruct developments; being oppositional or adverse해로운, 적대적인
intemperateC2immoderate, lacking in self-control, inclement무절제한, 과도한
interloperC2one who moves in where he or she is not wanted or has no right to be, an intruder불청객, 침입자
invectiveC2a strong denunciation or condemnation; abusive language독설, 욕설
inveighC2to make a violent attack in words, express strong disapproval맹렬히 비난하다
jejuneC2lacking in nutritive value; lacking in interest or substance; immature, juvenile알맹이 없는, 유치한
mawkishC2excessively and objectionably sentimental; having a mildly sickening flavor역겨울 만큼 감상적인
megalomaniaC2a delusion marked by a feeling of power, wealth, talent, etc., far in excess of reality과대망상
munificentC2extremely generous, lavish후한, 아낌없는
nonplussedC2puzzled, not knowing what do to, at a loss어리둥절한, 당황한
obdurateC2stubborn, unyielding고집스러운, 완고한
odiumC2hatred, contempt; disgrace or infamy resulting from hateful conduct증오, 오명
peculateC2to steal something that has been given into one's trust; to take improperly for one's own use공금을 횡령하다
juggernautC2a massive and inescapable force or object that crushes whatever is in its path거대한 힘, 무자비한 세력
lackadaisicalC2lacking spirit or interest, halfhearted나른한, 열의 없는
largesseC2generosity in giving; lavish or bountiful contributions후한 인심, 하사
litanyC2a prayer consisting of short appeals to God recited by the leader alternating with responses from the congregation연도; 장황한 나열
machinationC2a crafty, scheming, or underhanded action designed to accomplish some (usually evil) end책략, 음모
maelstromC2a whirlpool of great size and violence; a situation resembling a whirlpool in violence and destruction큰 소용돌이; 대혼란
mendaciousC2given to lying or deception; untrue거짓말하는, 허위의
minutiaeC2small or trivial details, trifling matters사소한 세부 사항
misanthropeC2a person who hates or despises people인간 혐오자
mordantC2biting or caustic in thought, manner, or style신랄한, 통렬한
moribundC2dying, on the way out죽어가는, 소멸해 가는
mutableC2open to or capable of change, fickle변하기 쉬운
necromancerC2one who claims to reveal or influence the future through magic, especially communication with the dead; in general, a magician or wizard강령술사
neophyteC2a new convert, beginner, novice초심자, 신참
nettleC2a prickly or stinging plant쐐기풀; 짜증나게 하다
nostrumC2an alleged cure-all; a remedy or scheme of questionable effectiveness엉터리 약, 미봉책
obeisanceC2a deep bow or other body movement indicating respect or submission경의, 절
opprobriumC2disgrace arising from shameful conduct; contempt, reproach오명, 불명예
overweeningC2conceited, presumptuous자만하는, 오만한
panegyricC2formal or elaborate praise찬사, 칭송의 글
paroxysmC2a sudden outburst발작, 격발
pecuniaryC2consisting of or measured in money; of or related to money금전상의
pedantryC2a pretentious display of knowledge현학, 아는 체
peregrinationC2the act of traveling; an excursion, especially on foot or to a foreign country여행, 편력
peremptoryC2having the nature of a command that leaves no opportunity for debate, denial, or refusal; offensively self-assured, dictatorial단호한, 반박을 허용치 않는
perspicacityC2keenness in observing and understanding통찰력, 명민함
pertinaciousC2very persistent집요한, 완강한
picayuneC2of little value or importance, paltry, measly하찮은, 사소한
pilloryC2a device for publicly punishing offenders; a means for exposing one to public contempt or ridicule칼; 공개적으로 망신 주다
piquantC2stimulating to the taste or mind톡 쏘는, 자극적인
pittanceC2a woefully meager allowance, wage, or portion쥐꼬리만 한 돈
plenaryC2complete in all aspects or essentials; absolute전원의, 완전한
propinquityC2nearness in place or time근접, 가까움
pusillanimousC2contemptibly cowardly or mean-spirited겁 많은, 소심한
putativeC2generally regarded as such; reputed; hypothesized, inferred추정되는, 소문난
requiteC2to make suitable repayment, as for a kindness, service, or favor보답하다, 갚다
restiveC2restless, hard to manage, balky안절부절못하는, 다루기 힘든
saturnineC2of a gloomy or surly disposition; cold or sluggish in mood음침한, 뚱한
seraphicC2angelic, heavenly, celestial천사 같은
shibbolethC2a word, expression, or custom that distinguishes a particular group of persons from all others; a commonplace saying or truism집단을 가르는 표지, 상투어
sloughC2cast off, discard벗어 버리다, 탈피하다
sophistryC2reasoning that seems plausible but is actually unsound궤변
suppliantC2asking humbly and earnestly간청하는, 탄원자
sylvanC2pertaining to or characteristic of forests; woody숲의, 삼림의
talismanC2an object that serves as a charm or is believed to confer magical powers, an amulet, fetish부적
temporizeC2to stall or act evasively in order to gain time, avoid a confrontation, or postpone a decision시간을 벌다, 어물거리다
tyroC2a beginner, novice; one with little or no background or skill초보자, 풋내기
undulateC2to move in waves or with a wavelike motion; to have a wavelike appearance or form물결치다, 굽이치다
unwontedC2not usual or expected; not in character평소와 다른, 이례적인
verbiageC2language that is too wordy or inflated in proportion to the sense or content, wordiness; a manner of expression장황한 말
winnowC2to get rid of something unwanted, delete가려내다, 골라내다
wizenedC2dry, shrunken, and wrinkled (often as the result of aging)쭈글쭈글한, 시든
abeyanceC2a state of being temporarily inactive, suspended, or set aside일시 중지, 정지 상태
accoutrementsC2additional items of dress or equipment carried for an activity장비, 부속품
acerbityC2sourness or bitterness of taste신랄함, 시큼함
adumbrateC2to outline or sketch broadly개략을 그리다, 암시하다
aegisC2protection; patronage; sponsorship보호, 후원
apocryphalC2of doubtful or questionable authenticity출처가 의심스러운
apogeeC2the point in the orbit of a heavenly body or artificial satellite farthest from Earth; the farthest or highest point원지점; 절정
apostateC2one who forsakes his or her religion, party, or cause배교자, 변절자
apotheosisC2the highest point in the development of something; the raising of a person to the status of a god정점, 신격화
appositeC2appropriate; suitable; apt적절한, 딱 들어맞는
aproposC2appropriate, opportune시의적절한, ~에 관하여
augurC2a prophet or seer예언자; 전조가 되다
bathosC2the intrusion of commonplace or trite material into a context whose tone is lofty or elevated; grossly insincere or exaggerated sentimentality; the lowest phase, nadir; an anticlimax, comedown격의 갑작스러운 추락
baubleC2a small, showy ornament of little value or use값싼 장신구
beatitudeC2a state of perfect happiness or blessedness; a blessing지복, 더없는 행복
beleaguerC2to set upon from all sides; to surround with an army포위하다, 괴롭히다
bellwetherC2the male sheep that leads the flock to the slaughterhouse; a leader, as in a desperate or violent undertaking선도자, 선행 지표
bibulousC2fond of or inclined to drink; absorbent술을 좋아하는
biliousC2peevish or irritable성마른, 심술궂은
bilkC2to defraud, cheat, or swindle사취하다, 등쳐먹다
bowdlerizeC2to remove material considered offensive (from a book, play, film, etc.)불온한 대목을 삭제하다
bromideC2a trite or commonplace remark진부한 말
bruitC2to spread news, reports, or unsubstantiated rumors소문을 퍼뜨리다
bête noireC2someone or something that one especially dislikes, dreads, or avoids몹시 싫어하는 대상
cantankerousC2ill-tempered, quarrelsome; difficult to get along or deal with심술궂은, 까다로운
casuistryC2the determination of right and wrong in questions of conduct or conscience by the application of general ethical principles궤변, 결의론
caterwaulC2to howl or screech like a cat; to quarrel악을 쓰다, 앙칼지게 울다